Crystallization sequence during evaporation of a high concentrated brine involving the system Na–K–Mg–Cl–SO4-H2O

Wahed, Mahmoud S. M. Abdel; Mohamed, Essam A.; El-Sayed, Mohamed I.; M’nif, Adel; Sillanpää, Mika

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2014.10.015

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Sometimes the part saturated with halite even is not adequate for the systems saturated with halite. The assumptions through the latter part may not be sufficient to elucidate the case as it happened in the work . The authors expected minerals kainite and kieserite but were not able to observe.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Phase Relations in the Na, K//Cl, SO₄, CO₃–H₂O Quinary System at 35 °C

Tursunbadalov

2021

ACS Omega

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The phase equilibria in the quinary Na, K//Cl, SO 4 , CO 3 –H 2 O system at 35 °C were determined, and a total phase equilibria diagram of the system was constructed by means of the translation method. Six points saturated with four solid phases, 19 curves saturated with three solid phases, and 21 fields saturated with two solid phases were determined in the system. Structures of dry-salt diagrams for the parts saturated with each of the nine solid phases were extracted from the total phase equilibria diagram of the system. The obtained results for the parts saturated with halite and sylvite agree well with the available literature data and verify the rest of the data obtained in this work.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The assumptions through the latter part may not be sufficient to elucidate the case as it happened in the work. 16 The authors expected minerals kainite and kieserite but were not able to observe. Total phase equilibria diagrams and parts of the system saturated with other salts guide the cases like this.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phase Relations in the Na, K//Cl, SO₄, CO₃–H₂O Quinary System at 35 °C

Tursunbadalov

2021

ACS Omega

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“…Then, a Hewlett Packard model 1100 HPLC equipped with a Spheris orb ODS column 5 μm (diameter 6 × 250 mm) and UV diode array detector (DAD) installed with an Agilent Chemstation 1990-2000 software, is used for data acquisition, integration and processing. Brine δ 18 O and δ 2 H composition analysis: Stable isotopes 18 O and 2 H are applied in hydrogeological studies, because of their high abundance and simplicity [51]. Stable isotope analyzes of Oxygen 18 ( 18 O) and Deuterium ( 2 H) was carried out in the Integrated Laboratory of Water Sciences (ISSTEG).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naturally, the crystallization of these deposits results from the evaporation of subsurface brines [18][19] and salt lake waters [20][21]. The evaporites extraction experiment is essentially founded on brine concentration procedure using the natural evaporation process [22][23]. The majority of evaporites minerals are with relevant economic values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical, Mineralogical and Isotopic Fracturing during the Progressive Evaporation of Chott Djerid Brine (Southern Tunisia)

Bedoui

Essefi

Besser

et al. 2022

JERA

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Djerid Chott, in southwestern Tunisia, is one of the biggest salt lakes in the world. This work follows the specific precipitation of evaporites through progressive evaporation of Chott Djerid brines using geochemical, isotopic and mineralogical approaches, to explain the intricacy of the working of saline frameworks controlled basically by climatic driving and the underlying geochemical structure acquired from the geographical system. Toward the finish of every evaporation step, solid and liquid samples went through analyses. Djerid brine is remarkably saline (427.7 g/l) and it is supersaturated contrasted with halite. The outcomes indicated that the Chott Djerid brines shaped fundamentally Cl--Na+-SO4- type geochemistry. Added to halite and gypsum as significant minerals, other minor minerals including carnallite, hexahydrite and sylvite were recognized in various phases of progressive evaporation of Djerid brine. Regardless of their low costs, significant minerals are of geo-economic interest because of their high amounts of production. Then, minor valuable minerals secure their geo-economic interest from their excessive costs. In this work, we find the window of precipitation of these valuable minerals' at the evaporation paces of 80% and 100%.

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“…The K–Mg–SO 4 –Cl system has been studied thoroughly, including both thermodynamic and phase relationships (Jänecke, 1912), as well as polythermic studies (Campbell et al , 1934; Eugster et al , 1980; Abdel Wahed et al , 2015). The phase relationships of kainite with other sulfate minerals of evaporites are listed in Braitsch (1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex hydrogen bonding and thermal behaviour over a wide temperature range of kainite KMg(SO₄)Cl⋅2.75H₂O

Borisov

Siidra

Уголков

et al. 2022

MinMag

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Kainite, KMg(SO4)Cl⋅2.75H2O, is one of the most common hydrated sulfate minerals, and it plays an important role as a source of potassium. However, its properties and structure have, to date, been insufficiently studied. In our present work, kainite was investigated using multiple techniques, including single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The mineral is monoclinic, C2/m, a = 19.6742(2), b = 16.18240(10), c = 9.49140(10) Å, β = 94.8840(10)°, V = 3010.86(5) Å3 and Z = 16. The structure was refined to R1 = 0.0230 for 3080 unique observed reflections with |Fo| ≥ 4σF. The complex hydrogen bonding system for kainite is described for the first time. The structure of kainite contains seven symmetrically independent sites occupied by water molecules, six of which are strongly bonded to Mg2+ cations while the seventh resides in the framework cavities. The acceptors of the hydrogen bonds are either chloride anions, neighbouring water molecules or oxygens atoms of sulfate groups. A bifurcated hydrogen bond was described for one of the water molecules. Based on the analysis of the crystal structure, we have confirmed and propose the correct formula for kainite as KMg(SO4)Cl⋅2.75H2O. The thermal studies of kainite in the temperature range of –150°C to +600°C indicate its stability to 190°C. The decomposition products are K2Mg2(SO4)3, KCl and K2SO4. The thermal expansion was calculated, which for kainite has a character typical for monoclinic crystals and similar to the compressibility tensor described earlier.

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Crystallization sequence during evaporation of a high concentrated brine involving the system Na–K–Mg–Cl–SO4-H2O

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Phase Relations in the Na, K//Cl, SO₄, CO₃–H₂O Quinary System at 35 °C

Phase Relations in the Na, K//Cl, SO₄, CO₃–H₂O Quinary System at 35 °C

Geochemical, Mineralogical and Isotopic Fracturing during the Progressive Evaporation of Chott Djerid Brine (Southern Tunisia)

Complex hydrogen bonding and thermal behaviour over a wide temperature range of kainite KMg(SO₄)Cl⋅2.75H₂O

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Crystallization sequence during evaporation of a high concentrated brine involving the system Na–K–Mg–Cl–SO4-H2O

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Phase Relations in the Na, K//Cl, SO4, CO3–H2O Quinary System at 35 °C

Phase Relations in the Na, K//Cl, SO4, CO3–H2O Quinary System at 35 °C

Geochemical, Mineralogical and Isotopic Fracturing during the Progressive Evaporation of Chott Djerid Brine (Southern Tunisia)

Complex hydrogen bonding and thermal behaviour over a wide temperature range of kainite KMg(SO4)Cl⋅2.75H2O

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Product

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Phase Relations in the Na, K//Cl, SO₄, CO₃–H₂O Quinary System at 35 °C

Phase Relations in the Na, K//Cl, SO₄, CO₃–H₂O Quinary System at 35 °C

Complex hydrogen bonding and thermal behaviour over a wide temperature range of kainite KMg(SO₄)Cl⋅2.75H₂O