Crystalloid strong ion difference determines metabolic acid–base change during acute normovolaemic haemodilution

Abstract

There is a linear relationship between crystalloid SID and post-dilutional metabolic acid-base status. The SID of a crystalloid balanced for normovolaemic haemodilution is 24 mEq/l. These principles are applicable in designing fluids for volume resuscitation, acute normovolaemic haemodilution and cardio-pulmonary bypass.

Electrolyte shifts across the artificial lung in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Interdependence between partial pressure of carbon dioxide and strong ion difference

“…It is worth underlining that, in this setting, we can exclude electrolyte exchanges with the interstitium [18], electrolyte variations due to electrolyte excretion through the kidney [19,20], and electrolyte changes caused by the infusion of fluids [21,22]. The observed electrolyte variations can therefore only be the results of (i) movements from blood cells, mainly red blood cells, to plasma (and vice versa) and (ii) pH-mediated changes in the affinity of electrolytes to proteins and therefore variations in their ionized concentration [23][24][25].…”

Management of sepsis: from evidence to clinical practice

“…1,99,100 Crystalloids are inexpensive and widely available and have an established, although unproven, role as first-line resuscitation fluids. Isotonic saline is the most commonly used crystalloid, but the administration of large volumes of saline results in a hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis 101,102 which is associated with an increased risk of renal dysfunction. [102][103][104] Some authors suggest that dilutionalhyperchloremic acidosis is related to large volumes of saline administration and the effect remains moderate and relatively transient.…”

Use of infusion solutions in critically ill: Literature review

“…Taj rastvor neopravdano nosi naziv fiziološki rastvor. Njegova prekomerna primena uzrokuje nastanak hiperhloremične metaboličke acidoze 5 , imunološka 6 i bubrežna oštećenja 7 . Opterećenje natrijumom i vodom, kao još jedan od mogućih poremećaja primene tog rastvora, dalo je ideju za novi koncept nadoknade malim volumenom.…”