Triple-negative
breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype
of breast cancer, and it is associated with a high recurrence rate,
metastatic potential, and poor prognosis. Thus, effective therapeutic
strategies for TNBC are urgently required. The epidermal growth factor
receptor (EGFR) is considered to be a potential therapeutic target
for TNBC. However, there are limitations to the use of targeted therapies,
such as afatinib (AFT), particularly drug resistance. Here, we investigated
a poly(d,l-lactide-glycolide) (PLGA)-based intelligent
bionic nanoplatform, termed AFT/2-BP@PLGA@MD, which combined targeted
therapy with immunotherapy. In this platform, PLGA was used to encapsulate
2-bromo-palmitate (2-BP), a palmitoylation inhibitor, to enhance the
efficacy of AFT against TNBC cells. PLGA was coated with a cancer
cell membrane anchored with a cleavable peptide by matrix metalloproteinase-2
to block programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand
1 (PD-L1). 2-BP significantly enhanced the capacity of AFT to inhibit
the proliferation and migration of tumor cells in vitro. Moreover, the tumor cell membrane-coated AFT/2-BP@PLGA@MD nanoparticles
exhibited enhanced tumor targeting ability in vivo. The AFT/2-BP@PLGA@MD nanoparticles significantly inhibited the
growth and metastasis of 4T1 tumor and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing
mice. The nanoparticles also triggered antitumor immune response.
Collectively, we report an effective therapeutic strategy for clinically
refractory TNBC.