CSF rhinorrhea-feasibility of conservative management in children

The endoscopic endonasal approach for cerebrospinal fluid leak repair in the elderly

“…Such conservative management can lead to the complete resolution of symptoms, but it is burdened by a high risk of intracranial infections and recurrences [28]. Indeed, Yadav and colleagues [29] reported a 10% rate of intracranial infection in patients with untreated rhinoliquorrhea within a year, and a 85% infection rate within 10 years [29,30]. In our series of 20 elderly patients, complete recovery was obtained in all cases without post-operative complications.…”

Endoscopic endonasal multilayer repair of traumatic ethmoidal roof cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea in children

“…The patient is placed in bed rest for 2-3 weeks, with avoidance of coughing or straining and with or without the use of a lumbar subarachnoid drain to decrease the amount of CSF. If these measures are unsuccessful, early surgical repair is necessary to avoid the risk of infection [4].…”

A Rare Case of Pediatric Self-inflicted Meningoencephalocele

“…Treatment depends on the size, location, and severity of the defect, but mainly includes magnetic resonance imaging to determine the severity of the defect, followed by surgery to repair it. 3 Here we report on a patient with posttraumatic meningoencephalocele who presented 7 years after trauma with CSF rhinorrhea due to condition being rare in pediatric age group, wherein it is generally congenital mode of presentation.…”