After the discovery of BBO and LBO during 1979-1987, many research groups are involved in this field because the borate NLO crystals have several outstanding advantages, such as the relative larger second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients, wide transparent spectral range on the UV side, high damage threshold, and so on. As a result, more than 20 borate NLO crystals have been discovered till now. In this chapter, we will introduce several typical borate crystals, which have indicated important applications, particularly in laser industry. These borate crystals include (1) b-BaB 2 O 4 (BBO), the basic structural unit of which is (B 3 O 6 ) 3À group. (2) LiB 3 O 5 (LBO) family, including CsB 3 O 5 (CBO) and CsLiB 6 O 10 (CLBO), the basic structural unit of which is (