CSS Code Quality: A Metric for Abstractness; Or Why Humans Beat Machines in CSS Coding

Keller, Matthias; Nussbaumer, Martin

doi:10.1109/quatic.2010.25

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Keller and Nussbaumer [14] compared human-written to machinegenerated CSS code and conclude that the former has a higher abstractness (i.e., higher reusability) compared to generated code. Serrano [6] proposed HSS, a preprocessor for CSS supporting all features discussed in this paper with the exception of nesting.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Study on the Use of CSS Preprocessors

Mazinanian

Tsantalis

2016

2016 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution, and Reengineering (SANER)

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Study on the Use of CSS Preprocessors

Mazinanian

Tsantalis

2016

2016 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution, and Reengineering (SANER)

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“…Lie [13] presents an in-depth discussion of style sheet languages and some of the design decisions behind CSS. Keller and Nussbaumer [4] compare user authored CSS code to generated CSS code and propose an abstractness factor for measuring code quality. They argue that manual CSS code has a higher abstractness factor than generated code.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Writing CSS code is not trivial [4], [3]. It requires human computer interaction, graphic design, as well as web programming skills [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It requires human computer interaction, graphic design, as well as web programming skills [4]. In addition, the language has a number of characteristics [5] such as inheritance, cascading, and selector specificity, which makes understanding how CSS properties are applied to Document Object Model (DOM) 1 elements at runtime a daunting endeavour for web developers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automated analysis of CSS rules to support style maintenance

Mesbah...¹,

Mirshokraie²

2012

2012 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

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Abstract-CSS is a widely used language for describing the presentation semantics of HTML elements on the web. The language has a number of characteristics, such as inheritance and cascading order, which makes maintaining CSS code a challenging task for web developers. As a result, it is common for unused rules to be accumulated over time. Despite these challenges, CSS analysis has not received much attention from the research community. We propose an automated technique to support styling code maintenance, which (1) analyzes the runtime relationship between the CSS rules and DOM elements of a given web application (2) detects unmatched and ineffective selectors, overridden declaration properties, and undefined class values. Our technique, implemented in an open source tool called CILLA, has a high precision and recall rate. The results of our case study, conducted on fifteen open source and industrial web-based systems, show an average of 60% unused CSS selectors in deployed applications, which points to the ubiquity of the problem.

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“…Both of these are low-level technologies and CSS, in particular, has a steep learning curve. This makes HTML/CSS authoring extremely labor-intensive and time-consuming [32,27,30]. In particular, CSS styling largely remains an art [3,37,30]: CSS does not Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compiling mockups to flexible UIs

Sinha

Karim

2013

Proceedings of the 2013 9th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering

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As the web becomes ubiquitous, developers are obliged to develop web applications for a variety of desktop and mobile platforms. Re-designing the user interface for every such platform is clearly cumbersome. We propose a new framework based on model-based compilation to assist the designer in solving this problem. Starting from an under-specified visual design mockup drawn by the designer, we show how faithful and flexible web pages can be obtained with virtually no manual effort. Our framework, in sharp contrast to existing web design tools, overcomes the tough challenges involved in mockup compilation by (a) employing combinatorial search to infer hierarchical layouts and (b) mechanizing adhoc principles for CSS design into a modular, extensible rulebased architecture. We believe ours is the first disciplined effort to solve the problem and will inspire rapid, low-effort web design.

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CSS Code Quality: A Metric for Abstractness; Or Why Humans Beat Machines in CSS Coding

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

An Empirical Study on the Use of CSS Preprocessors

An Empirical Study on the Use of CSS Preprocessors

Automated analysis of CSS rules to support style maintenance

Compiling mockups to flexible UIs

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