CT characterisation of feline adrenal glands

Mallol, Claudia; Altuzarra, Raul; Espada, Yvonne; Restrepo, Mauricio Tobón; Serrano, Emmanuel; Novellas, Rosa

doi:10.1177/1098612x19840090

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…One study retrospectively assessed CT images of adrenal gland size in healthy cats, and no association was found between body weight and adrenal gland size in 30 cats. 12 Similarly, another study reported no correlation between adrenal thickness and body weight, and between adrenal thickness and body surface area in diseased cats. 10 In one study, most of the adult cats (82%) weighed >4 kg, whereas only 18% weighed <4 kg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland size in two body weight categories of healthy adult cats

Pérez-López

Wägner

Saavedra

et al. 2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives Adrenal gland size and its association with body weight have been rarely evaluated in cats. This study was undertaken to assess the association between feline body weight and adrenal gland thickness, and to propose reference intervals (RIs) for adrenal gland thickness in healthy cats. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which 39 healthy cats were included. The cats were divided into two weight categories, classified as ⩽4.0 kg and >4–8 kg of ideal body weight (with 13 and 26 cats in each group, respectively), which took into consideration the body condition score of the cats. All cats underwent an ultrasound examination that was taken from a subcostal position. Maximum dorsoventral thicknesses of the left (MTL) and right (MTR) adrenal glands were measured in a sagittal plane. RIs were obtained for the maximum thickness (MT), which included the MTLs and MTRs of each cat. RIs with the 90% confidence intervals were calculated according to American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines on RIs. Results No statistical differences for adrenal gland thickness were observed between the left and right ( P = 0.543) adrenal glands or between male and female cats ( P = 0.943). Mean MT was significantly greater in the group of cats weighing >4–8 kg compared with the group of cats weighing ⩽4 kg (3.7 ± 0.6 vs 3.2 ± 0.4 mm; P <0.005). The lower limit of the RI for MT was 2.4 mm (range 2.2–2.6 mm) in the group weighing ⩽4 kg and 2.6 mm (range 2.4–2.8 mm) in the group weighing >4–8 kg. The upper limit of the RI for MT was 3.9 mm (range 3.7–4.1 mm) in the group of cats weighing ⩽4 kg and 4.8 mm (range 4.6–5.1 mm) in the group of cats weighing >4–8 kg. Conclusions and relevance The use of RIs based on two group sizes allows for a more accurate ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland thickness in cats. The maximum normal adrenal gland thickness is lower in smaller cats (3.9 mm for those weighing ⩽4 kg and 4.8 mm for those weighing >4–8 kg).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland size in two body weight categories of healthy adult cats

Pérez-López

Wägner

Saavedra

et al. 2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…Visibility, attenuation, location, anatomic landmarks, and size were registered for each organ. Attenuation values of the coelomic organs were measured in Hounsfield units (HUs), using a circular/ovoid region of interest (ROI) on the images of every organ following the same protocol previously used in small animals ( Bertolini et al , 2006 ; Mallol et al , 2020 ). One measurement was performed for each organ in the precontrast and postcontrast study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography of the coelomic cavity in healthy veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) and panther chameleons (Furcifer pardalis)

Melero,

Espada

et al. 2023

Open Vet J

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Background: Veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) and panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis) are two of the most popular pet chameleons, and consequently, these species are frequently evaluated in veterinary practices. According to our review of the literature normal computed tomography (CT) anatomy of these lizards has not been previously described. Aim: The purposes of this prospective study were to describe the normal CT anatomy of the coelomic organs in healthy patients and to provide normal reference values in these species. Methods: Seventeen clinically healthy veiled chameleons and fifteen clinically healthy panther chameleons were included. All CT studies were performed with the chameleons under light anaesthesia and positioned in sternal recumbency. Studies were performed with a 16-slice helical CT scanner with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm. The authors recorded qualitative and quantitative CT characteristics of the coelomic structures. Macroscopic cross-sectional anatomy was performed for comparison of the CT findings. Results: Lungs, liver -including caudal vena cava, hepatic vessels, and gallbladder-, oesophagus, stomach, intestines, gonads, fat bodies, kidneys, and urinary bladder could be visualized with CT. The spleen, pancreas, and adrenal glands could not be identified. Conclusion: This study provides a guide of the normal cross-sectional and computed tomographic anatomy of the coelomic cavity in veiled and panther chameleons. Our results could be used as a reference for future research studies or for comparison of clinically ill patients.

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“…They measured 12–18 mm in length for the right ( Figure 5 ) and left ( Figure 6 ) adrenal glands, respectively, and 6.2 mm at the maximum height (reported reference range: length 11.6 ± 2.1 mm and height 6.1 ± 1.3 mm in normal cats). 3 Bilateral chronic renal changes (slight asymmetry and undulated margin) were also noted that were suggestive of chronic kidney disease. From the results of these diagnostic tests, a diagnosis of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) was made.…”

Section: Case Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin fragility in a cat presenting with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

Hardy¹,

Gil-Morales²,

Maunder³

et al. 2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A case of skin fragility in an 8-year-old domestic shorthair cat with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism is described. The cat was referred to the Feline Centre at Langford Small Animal Hospital with a 2-month history of multiple skin wounds with no known traumatic aetiology. A low-dose dexamethasone suppression test was performed before referral, which was consistent with hyperadrenocorticism. On presentation, the cat had multiple cutaneous lacerations and patchy areas of alopecia. CT was performed, which revealed a pituitary mass most consistent with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Treatment with oral trilostane (Vetoryl; Dechra) was commenced and clinical improvement was observed; however, further extensive skin lesions as a consequence of her skin fragility resulted in euthanasia. Relevance and novel information Hyperadrenocorticism is an uncommon endocrinopathy of cats; however, it is an important differential for skin thinning and non-healing wounds. Skin fragility remains an important factor in the consideration of appropriate treatment protocols and ongoing quality of life in these patients.

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CT characterisation of feline adrenal glands

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland size in two body weight categories of healthy adult cats

Ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland size in two body weight categories of healthy adult cats

Computed tomography of the coelomic cavity in healthy veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) and panther chameleons (Furcifer pardalis)

Skin fragility in a cat presenting with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

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