CT characteristics of metastatic disease of the pancreas.

Klein, Katherine A.; Stephens, David H.; Welch, Timothy J.

doi:10.1148/radiographics.18.2.9536484

Cited by 161 publications

(104 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, the enhancement pattern of tumor tissue observed in all of our cases reflects a degree of vascular perfusion that is not typical of primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Several authors have also reported that rim enhancement is especially common in metastatic lesions larger than 1.5 cm in size, whereas smaller lesions tend to demonstrate homogeneous enhancement (9,12,13). In our study we did not observe a correlation between tumor size and pattern of enhancement.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…The tumors that metastasize most commonly to the pancreas are renal cell carcinoma, lung cancer, breast cancer and colorectal carcinoma followed by malignant melanoma and leiomyosarcoma (1,6). In most studies lung carcinomas or renal cell carcinomas are reported to be the most common (4,(8)(9)(10), although one study from Japan indicated stomach cancer as the main source suggesting population based differences (11). In our study, the most common primary malignancy was lung carcinoma (63.6%) followed by breast carcinoma (27.3%), but renal cell carcinoma did not comprise a significant percentage (9%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A moderate dilatation of the main pancreatic duct on CT, upstream from the solitary metastasis in the head of the pancreas, was present in 1 patient with abdominal pain and vomiting. Pancreatic metastases do not appear to show a predilection for a particular part of the organ (9,14). Three types of metastatic involvement of the pancreas have been described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As far as the origin of pancreatic metastases is concerned, metastases from renal cell carcinomas are often described as hyperattenuating masses, a pattern that reflects hypervascularity of viable tumor tissue, typical of the primary malignancy (9,12,13). Although the solitary type is the most common in pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma, multifocality of the lesions is not unusual, ranging from 20% to 45% in different reports (6,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pancreatic metastases: CT and MRI findings

Tsitouridis

Diamantopoulou²,

Michaelides³

et al. 2009

Diagn Interv Radiol

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pancreatic metastases: CT and MRI findings

Tsitouridis

Diamantopoulou²,

Michaelides³

et al. 2009

Diagn Interv Radiol

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“…Data from Adsay et al (1) showed that pancreatic metastases, including those arising from lung cancer, RCC and digestive cancers, were predominantly of epithelial origin (65 of 81 cases). RCC metastasis to the pancreas has been extensively reported in the literature, and this is considered the most common origin of pancreatic metastatic lesions (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). A recent literature review (18), including 582 patients with pancreatic metastases, showed that the five most common primary tumors are RCC, lung carcinoma, colorectal cancer, melanoma, and breast carcinoma, representing 80% of all cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical diagnosis and detection of genetic mutations of pancreatic metastases: A report of four cases and review of the literature

Zhang

et al. 2017

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. The present study aimed to report our clinical experience regarding the diagnosis and detection of genetic mutations of pancreatic metastases, and to review the relevant literature to expand knowledge of this disease. A total of 4 cases involving pancreatic metastases, which were treated at The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2013 and July 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. This retrospective study considered the clinicopathological variables of the 4 patients, and compared this data with those from the literature, which was searched using PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. All 4 patients with pancreatic metastases were diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) scan and confirmed by pathological staining and immunohistochemistry. Mutation analysis was performed in 3 patients to obtain precise mutation information for guiding and evaluating the use of molecularly targeted drugs. In summary, pancreatic metastases are rare and the majority of pancreatic metastases develop from renal cell carcinoma. Diagnoses of pancreatic metastases predominantly rely on CT, pathology and immunohistochemistry. Detection of mutations has clinical value in auxiliary diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic metastases. Based on mutation information, molecularly targeted drugs may prolong the survival of patients with unresectable pancreatic metastases. IntroductionPancreatic metastases are rare. Metastases are reported to account for 2-5% of all malignant lesions occurring in the pancreas (1-5). Studies have reported that people of ~60 years old are at high risk of developing pancreatic metastases (1-3). Metastases to the pancreas may occur a significant amount of time subsequent to diagnosis and management of the primary tumor (3). Primary tumors that may give rise to pancreatic metastases include renal cell carcinoma (RCC), non-small cell lung carcinoma, melanoma, sarcoma and colorectal carcinoma. Previous studies have indicated that the kidney may be more common than the lung as a primary tumor site of metastases to the pancreas (1,4). Symptoms of pancreatic metastases are often not apparent, and these lesions are thus detected incidentally by physical examination in the majority of cases (6). Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations can be used in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic lesions (7). Pathological analysis is the gold standard in the diagnosis of pancreatic metastases (8). However, occasionally it is difficult to diagnose pancreatic metastasis based on pathology alone (9).In recent years, pancreatic metastases have been observed with increasing frequency, particularly at high-volume pancreatic surgery centers, due to increased utilization of advanced imaging methods, including ultrasonography, CT, MRI and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) (10). However, the treatment for pancreatic metastases remains controversial. The majority of patients with pancreatic metastases are in the advanced stages of primary disease (11); however, t...

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