CT diagnosis of superior vena cava syndrome: importance of collateral vessels.

Kim, H J; Kim, H S; Chung, Sung Hoon

doi:10.2214/ajr.161.3.8352099

Cited by 90 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In a series by Kim et al [2] in which CT scans showed evidence of SVC obstruction in 47 patients, no cavoportal col lateral pathways were observed. On the other hand, portocaval collateral pathways are fre quently seen in portal hypertension, but the direction of blood flow is hepatofugal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Cavoportal collateral pathways in vena cava obstruction: imaging features.

Dahan¹,

Arrivé²,

Monnier‐Cholley³

et al. 1998

American Journal of Roentgenology

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mentioning

confidence: 91%

Cavoportal collateral pathways in vena cava obstruction: imaging features.

Dahan¹,

Arrivé²,

Monnier‐Cholley³

et al. 1998

American Journal of Roentgenology

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“…On physical examination, the patient had presented jugular stasis and swelling of arms, chest and face, signs that corroborate the suspicion of this syndrome, but as noted, the patient had a history of SW for more than 48 hours, this time was not enough so that the patient could present collateral circulation, since collateral vessels takes several weeks to accommodate blood flow diverted from the VCS. Thus, the presence of collateral circulation is not common in cases of SVCS with rapid evolution [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortic pseudoaneurysm as cause of superior vena cava syndrome: a case report

Júnior¹,

Borges²,

Harada³

2012

Revista Brasileira De Cirurgia Cardiovascular

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The superior vena cava syndrome represents the set of signs and symptoms resulting from obstruction of superior vena cava. The syndrome has as main causes malignant tumors such as bronchogenic carcinoma, lymphoma and mediastinal metastases. Lung cancer accounts for 80% of cases, mediastinal lymphomas by 15% and 5% correspond to other causes. This case report aims to present an unusual case of this syndrome, which occurred in a male patient after penetrating wound in the chest, which developed a pseudoaneurysm of the aortic arch and superior vena cava syndrome. Descriptors

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“…The images were inadequate for the diagnosis of pulmonary emboli. widely used to examine patients with suspected SVC syndrome because it can show the cause of SVC syndrome, the exact level of venous blockage, and the collateral pathways (3,5). We were obliged to perform two scans in order to achieve satisfactory images to look for pulmonary emboli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include the azygos-hemiazygos, internal and lateral thoracic veins, intercostal veins and the vertebral venous plexus which all drain systemic veins from the upper extremities, head and neck into the right heart. Systemic-to-pulmonary venous shunts (SPVS) may occur in rare cases (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). These shunts drain systemic veins from the upper extremities, head and neck into the left heart.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic to pulmonary venous shunt in superior vena cava obstruction: MDCT angiography findings

Ozbulbul

Yurdakul²,

Tola³

et al. 2009

Diagn Interv Radiol

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Occlusion of the superior vena cava (SVC) is a complication of malignant and benign diseases that compress, occlude, or invade the SVC, subsequently directing blood flow into collateral veins. SVC obstruction is associated with multiple venous collaterals. These include the azygos-hemiazygos, internal and lateral thoracic veins, intercostal veins and the vertebral venous plexus which all drain systemic veins from the upper extremities, head and neck into the right heart. Systemic-to-pulmonary venous shunts (SPVS) may occur in rare cases (1-9). These shunts drain systemic veins from the upper extremities, head and neck into the left heart. SPVS have been described as unusual collateral pathways that appear in SVC obstruction, and occasionaly have been detected in patients with lung cancer that obstructed the SVC (2). To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case of Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with SVC obstruction (10). Our case is interesting because it features two points that have not been previously emphasized: First, the majority of cases in this issue have lung cancer occluding the SVC; our patient had thrombus in the SVC due to coagulopathy. Second, systemic to pulmonary venous communication was illustrated using multidetector computed tomography (CT) angiography. Case reportA 43-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of swelling of his face, neck and upper extremities which had started a month before. The patient also complained of progressive dyspnea and cough. He had been diagnosed with Budd-Chiari syndrome due to coagulopathy (protein C and S deficiency and homozygous factor V Leiden mutation) three months earlier. Physical examination revealed that the patient had a heart rate of 78/min, respiratory rate of 28/min, and blood pressure of 120/70 mmHg. Venous distension of the neck and upper thorax was recognized. Left jugular vein thrombosis was demonstrated by Doppler ultrasonography of the upper extremities. CT angiography was performed using a 16-row system (Lightspeed 16, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA) to evaluate the possibility of pulmonary emboli. The exam was performed after the intravenous injection of 110 mL of ioversol (350 mgI/mL, Optiray; Tyco Healthcare, Pointe Claire, Quebec, Canada) through the right antecubital vein with a power injector at a rate of 4 mL/s. The scan was obtained 30 s after the start of injection. The scanning protocol was as follows: 1.25-mm slice thickness, a pitch of 1.375, reconstruction interval of 0.8 mm, 120 kV, 380 mA. Initially, there was no visible opacification of the main pulmonary artery and its branches (Fig. 1). The pulmonary veins, the left heart and aorta were intensely opacified before opacification of the right heart and the pulmonary artery. There were numerous strongly enhanced collaterals, abundant peripheral bridging veins and pleural enhancement in the right hemith- ABSTRACT Superior vena cava obstruction is associated with multiple venous collaterals. There is an unusual pathway involving pulmonary ...

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CT diagnosis of superior vena cava syndrome: importance of collateral vessels.

Cited by 90 publications

References 8 publications

Cavoportal collateral pathways in vena cava obstruction: imaging features.

Cavoportal collateral pathways in vena cava obstruction: imaging features.

Aortic pseudoaneurysm as cause of superior vena cava syndrome: a case report

Systemic to pulmonary venous shunt in superior vena cava obstruction: MDCT angiography findings

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