CT evaluation of elbow congruity in dogs: radial incisure <i>versus</i> apical medial coronoid process fragmentation

Baud, Koral U.; Griffin, Sally; Martínez-Taboada, Fernando; Burton, Neil J.

doi:10.1111/jsap.13110

Cited by 8 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Radioulnar congruency has previously been investigated in Labradors as a potential cause of radial incisure-located versus apical medial coronoid fragmentation; however, no clear role of change in congruency explained the difference in pathology. 19 The influence of congruency in this location remains under-evaluated and poorly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomographic Features of Non-Lame French Bulldog Elbows

Mella

Dirrig

Meeson

2022

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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Objective French Bulldogs are predisposed to humeral condylar fractures. Computed tomography (CT) in English Springer Spaniel elbows has allowed identification of humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF), which can cause lameness and predispose to condylar fractures. This study aimed to evaluate CT characteristics of non-lame French Bulldog elbows, to determine the presence of underlying elbow disease. Study Design Retrospective evaluation of CT images from elbows of non-lame French Bulldogs from scans obtained for soft tissue or neurological evaluation was performed. Images were evaluated for the presence of HIF and other elbow abnormalities: condylar and supracondylar remodelling, humeral condylar sclerosis, elbow incongruency, medial coronoid process disease and elbow osteoarthritis. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results Computed tomographic scans from 37 dogs (74 elbows) were reviewed. No HIF were identified, although 28/74 elbows had an intracondylar sclerotic band. Medial coronoid process disease was noted in 16/74 elbows, and small osteophytes were present in 21/74 elbows, suggesting a degree of subclinical elbow disease. Widening of the caudolateral aspect of the radial incisure was identified (37/74) as a breed normal. Elbow incongruency was otherwise rare. Conclusion Non-lame French Bulldogs showed a low prevalence of occult elbow disease but a proportion had radial incisure widening. Although humeral intracondylar sclerosis was present in over a third of dogs, no HIF were identified and therefore no clear cause for their increased risk of humeral condylar fracture was identified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomographic Features of Non-Lame French Bulldog Elbows

Mella

Dirrig

Meeson

2022

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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“…Primary changes in the kinematics of the radius, ulna and humerus are assumed to play an role in the pathogenesis of MCD. Altered kinematics in the proximal radio-ulnar joint, were suggested by different researchers to be one potential factor influencing the development of MCD [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90]. One proposed mechanism was an increased axial translation of the radius relative to the ulna leading to an dynamic radio-ulnar incongruence.…”

Section: The Dysplastic Elbow Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially in dogs without a measurable static incongruence, which account for 40% of all patients with MCD [76], the insufficient adaption to intra articular joint loads can lead to mechanical overload at one distinct joint compartment. Increased radio-ulnar rotation was proposed as another potential cause of mechanical overload along the radial incisure of the medial coronoid process and subsequent cartilage and bone damage [82,[87][88][89][90]. The only study comparing in vivo radio-ulnar rotational movement in healthy joints to joints with MCD showed no significant difference in the total amount of radial rotation and in the motion pattern of the radius [74].…”

Section: The Dysplastic Elbow Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of the Canine Elbow Joint

Rohwedder¹

2022

Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology

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The canine elbow joint is a complex joint, whose musculoskeletal anatomy is well investigated. During the last 30 years kinematic analysis has gained importance in veterinary research and kinematics of the healthy and medial coronoid disease affected canine elbow joint are progressively investigated. Video-kinematographic analysis represents the most commonly used technique and multiple studies have investigated the range of motion, angular velocity, duration of swing and stance phase, stride length and other kinematic parameters, mostly in the sagittal plane only. However, this technique is more error-prone and data gained by video-kinematography represent the kinematics of the whole limb including the soft tissue envelope. A more precise evaluation of the in vivo bone and joint movement can only been achieved using fluoroscopic kinematography. Based on recent studies significant differences in the motion pattern between healthy joints and elbows with medial coronoid disease could be detected. Thereby not only adaptive changes, caused by pain and lameness, could be described, but primary changes in the micromotion of the joint forming bones could be found, which potentially represent new factors in the pathogenesis of medial coronoid disease. This chapter gives a review of current literature on elbow joint kinematics, with particular focus onto pathologic biomechanics in dysplastic canine elbows.

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“…Multi‐directional dynamic incongruities have been reported to be one of the main contributors to fissuring and/or fragmentation of the medial coronoid process (MCP) with multiple variations in the location of ulnar osteochondral lesions 1 . Pathological changes in the MCP are variable because of the complex biomechanics of the elbow joint and often not related to the severity of clinical presentation 4–6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Pathological changes in the MCP are variable because of the complex biomechanics of the elbow joint and often not related to the severity of clinical presentation. [4][5][6] CT has been postulated to be the most sensitive and specific non-invasive diagnostic tool for classifying and evaluating all components of MCD lesions and has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 93%. 7 It has also been suggested that lesions may be restricted to the apex of the MCP or radial incisure or may involve the medial and/or lateral aspect of the MCP depending on the radioulnar articulation of the individual elbow joint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic assessment of the completeness of arthroscopic subtotal coronoidectomy in dogs with medial coronoid disease

Renner¹,

Medl²

2021

Veterinary Record

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Background: Until recent years, arthroscopic subtotal coronoidectomy has been the universally accepted treatment for medial coronoid disease but has variable clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the completeness of arthroscopic medial coronoid debridement and to detect the most vulnerable location of failure. Methods: Eighty-three dogs with a diagnosis of medial coronoid disease were included in the study. Arthroscopic debridement was performed in 92 elbow joints, and the completeness of removal was assessed by postoperative computed tomography scans. Results: Pathological changes were confined to the coronoid apex in 92/92 (100%) of cases and combined with radial incisure lesions in 39/92 (42%). Apical lesions were completely removed in 66/92 (72%) of cases and radial incisure lesions in 2/39 (5%). Bony remnants were detected at the apex (46%) and base (24%) of the medial coronoid process, free within the elbow joint (9%), and/or within the instrument port (84%). Fissures were positively associated with the occurrence of bony remnants (p = 0.038) and a 37% higher probability of incomplete removal of radial incisure lesions (p = 0.001). Conclusion:In this study, incomplete removal was more likely to occur in the presence of radial incisure lesions. Thorough assessment of this region during arthroscopy is strongly recommended.

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CT evaluation of elbow congruity in dogs: radial incisure versus apical medial coronoid process fragmentation

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Computed Tomographic Features of Non-Lame French Bulldog Elbows

Computed Tomographic Features of Non-Lame French Bulldog Elbows

Biomechanics of the Canine Elbow Joint

Computed tomographic assessment of the completeness of arthroscopic subtotal coronoidectomy in dogs with medial coronoid disease

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