CT Hounsfield Units of Brown Adipose Tissue Increase with Activation: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Baba, Shingo; Jacene, Heather A.; Engles, James; Honda, Hiroshi; Wahl, Richard L.

doi:10.2967/jnumed.109.068775

Cited by 169 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The lower radiodensity of the BAT in the overweight age-matched control subjects and in the participants with type 2 diabetes could suggest a similar shift toward lipid storage or a lipolytic dysfunction. BAT glucose uptake appears to be significantly influenced by BAT TG content (5,33). Despite these observations, our results do not suggest impairment in intracellular TG lipolysis in BAT or WAT in individuals with type 2 diabetes because the cold-induced reduction in BAT radiodensity and systemic NEFA turnover were the same compared with young healthy individuals.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Selective Impairment of Glucose but Not Fatty Acid or Oxidative Metabolism in Brown Adipose Tissue of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2015

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Spontaneous glucose uptake by brown adipose tissue (BAT) is lower in overweight or obese individuals and in diabetes. However, BAT metabolism has not been previously investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes during controlled cold exposure. Using positron emission tomography with , a fatty acid tracer, BAT oxidative metabolism and perfusion and glucose and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) turnover were determined in men with well-controlled type 2 diabetes and age-matched control subjects under experimental cold exposure designed to minimize shivering. Despite smaller volumes of 18 FDG-positive BAT and lower glucose uptake per volume of BAT compared with young healthy control subjects, cold-induced oxidative metabolism and NEFA uptake per BAT volume and an increase in total body energy expenditure did not differ in patients with type 2 diabetes or their age-matched control subjects. The reduction in 18 FDG-positive BAT volume and BAT glucose clearance were associated with a reduction in BAT radiodensity and perfusion. 18 FDG-positive BAT volume and the cold-induced increase in BAT radiodensity were associated with an increase in systemic NEFA turnover. These results show that cold-induced NEFA uptake and oxidative metabolism are not defective in type 2 diabetes despite reduced glucose uptake per BAT volume and BAT "whitening."

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Selective Impairment of Glucose but Not Fatty Acid or Oxidative Metabolism in Brown Adipose Tissue of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2015

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“…Although the present study was not designed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the association between adipose tissue mean attenuation and fat cell weight, we speculate that increased organelle content of small fat cells per surface unit could possibly explain why they show greater mean attenuation. Baba et al 17 demonstrated that brown adipose tissue mean attenuation increased under activated conditions following a decrease in lipid content. Furthermore, Hu et al 11 observed that HUs of brown adipose tissue were more positive than those of white adipose tissue and speculated that brown adipocyte characteristics could account for this difference as they contain more non-lipid components and are more vascularized and innervated than white adipocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography-measured adipose tissue attenuation and area both predict adipocyte size and cardiometabolic risk in women

et al. 2015

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Objective: To assess the ability of CT-derived measurements including adipose tissue attenuation and area to predict fat cell hypertrophy and related cardiometabolic risk. Methods: Abdominal adipose tissue areas and radiologic attenuation were assessed using 4 CT images in 241 women (age: 47 years, BMI: 26.5 kg/m 2 ). Fat cell weight was measured in paired VAT and SAT samples. Fasting plasma lipids, glucose and insulin levels were measured. Results: Adipose tissue attenuation was negatively correlated with SAT (rD-0.46) and VAT (rD-0.67) fat cell weight in the corresponding depot (p<0.0001 for both). Women with visceral adipocyte hypertrophy had higher total-, VLDL-, LDL-and HDL-triglyceride and apoB levels as well as a higher cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, fasting glucose and insulin levels compared to women with smaller visceral adipocytes. Adjustment for VAT area minimized these differences while subsequent adjustment for attenuation eliminated all differences, with the exception of fasting glycaemia. In SAT, adjustment for VAT area and attenuation eliminated all adipocyte hypertrophy-related alterations except for fasting hyperglycaemia. Conclusion: CT-derived adipose tissue attenuation and area both contribute to explain variation in the cardiometabolic risk profile associated with the same biological parameter: visceral fat cell hypertrophy.

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“…In computed tomography (CT) and 1 H MRI studies, fat fraction measurements are used to differentiate the highly hydrated brown adipose tissue from the less hydrated normal white adipose tissue (WAT) (13)(14)(15). Unfortunately, human BAT is a heterogeneous mixture of white and brown adipocytes (16), and partial volume effects that arise from the limited spatial resolution of these imaging modalities make these types of measurements unreliable and nonspecific.…”

Section: Fdg-petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of brown adipose tissue and thermogenic activity in mice by hyperpolarized xenon MRI

Branca

Zhang

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

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The study of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in human weight regulation has been constrained by the lack of a noninvasive tool for measuring this tissue and its function in vivo. Existing imaging modalities are nonspecific and intrinsically insensitive to the less active, lipid-rich BAT of obese subjects, the target population for BAT studies. We demonstrate noninvasive imaging of BAT in mice by hyperpolarized xenon gas MRI. We detect a greater than 15-fold increase in xenon uptake by BAT during stimulation of BAT thermogenesis, which enables us to acquire background-free maps of the tissue in both lean and obese mouse phenotypes. We also demonstrate in vivo MR thermometry of BAT by hyperpolarized xenon gas. Finally, we use the linear temperature dependence of the chemical shift of xenon dissolved in adipose tissue to directly measure BAT temperature and to track thermogenic activity in vivo.MRI | hyperpolarized 129 Xe | brown adipose tissue | thermometry | FDG-PET

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CT Hounsfield Units of Brown Adipose Tissue Increase with Activation: Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Cited by 169 publications

References 14 publications

Selective Impairment of Glucose but Not Fatty Acid or Oxidative Metabolism in Brown Adipose Tissue of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Selective Impairment of Glucose but Not Fatty Acid or Oxidative Metabolism in Brown Adipose Tissue of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Computed tomography-measured adipose tissue attenuation and area both predict adipocyte size and cardiometabolic risk in women

Detection of brown adipose tissue and thermogenic activity in mice by hyperpolarized xenon MRI

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