CT imaging techniques for two-phase and three-phase in-situ saturation measurements

Sharma, Bakul C.; Brigham, W.E.; Castanier, L.M.

doi:10.2172/501560

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In two-phase flow conditions CT scan images were taken using one single energy beam of 140 kV whilst for defining three-phase saturation distributions scans were taken using simultaneously 140 kV and 80 kV energy beams. With the use of measured CT responses in HU, the formulae shown in Table 7 were applied to obtain porosity and saturation distributions (Sharma et al 1997).…”

Section: Ct Data Post-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Gas Flooding and Foam-Assisted Chemical Flooding in Bentheimer Sandstones

2019

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A laboratory study of principal immiscible gas flooding schemes is reported. Very well controlled experiments on continuous gas injection, Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) and Alkaline-Surfactant-Foam (ASF) flooding were conducted. The merits of WAG and ASF compared to continuous gas injection were examined. The impact of ultra-low oil-water (o/w) interfacial tension (IFT), an essential feature of the ASF scheme along with foaming, on oil mobilisation and displacement of residual oil to waterflood was also assessed. Incremental oil recoveries and related displacement mechanisms by ASF and WAG compared to continuous gas injection were investigated by conducting CT scanned core-flood experiments using n-hexadecane and Bentheimer sandstone cores. Ultimate oil recoveries for WAG and ASF at under-optimum salinity (o/w IFT of 10-1 mN/m) were found to be similar (60±5% of the oil initially in place (OIIP)). However, ultimate oil recovery for ASF at (near-)optimum salinity (o/w IFT of 10-2 mN/m) reached 74±8% of the OIIP. Results support the idea that WAG increases oil recovery over continuous gas injection by drastically increasing the trapped gas saturation at the end of the first few WAG cycles. ASF flooding was able to enhance oil recovery over WAG by effectively lowering o/w IFT (<10-1 mN/m) for oil mobilisation. ASF at (near-)optimum salinity increased clean oil fraction in the production stream over under-optimum salinity ASF.

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Section: Ct Data Post-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Gas Flooding and Foam-Assisted Chemical Flooding in Bentheimer Sandstones

2019

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“…Based on this, they observed gravity segregation of the benzyl alcohol, even though the region was in steady-state condition. Sharma et al (1997) [22] presented a complete report about the use of CT techniques for two-phase and threephase in-situ saturation measurements. They exposed details about the experimental procedures, data acquisition and data processing computer programs.…”

Section: Computed Tomography (Ct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For calculating the saturation of fluids based on the CT monitoring were used the mathematic expressions proposed by Alvestad et al (1992) [19] named CT 1 , Sharma et al (1997) [22] named CT 2 , Chakravarthy et al (2004) [23] named CT 3 . The CT profiles of the references media i.e., the (measured) rock saturated with brine and the (calculated) rock saturated with oil for each step are presented in Figure 2.…”

Section: Data Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of computed tomography for the experimental assessment of surfactant-polymer flooding

Hernández

Moreno

2020

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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The Surfactant-Polymer (SP) process is a type of Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (CEOR) method. They are still a challenge for the petroleum oil industry mainly because of the difficulty in designing and forecasting the process behavior on the field scale. Therefore, understanding of the phenomena associated with a CEOR process is of vital importance. For these reasons, this work discusses the benefits of Computed Tomography (CT) uses for the experimental assessment of a SP process. The research includes a literature review that allows identifying the main CT usages for petroleum engineering and a discussion concerning the effectiveness of mathematic expressions proposed for the tomography images treatment of two-phase flow displacement. The conducted experimental methodology can be reproduced to assess the benefits of any chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) process with CT. Thus, this paper assesses the conventional waterflooding (WF) and SP flooding as secondary and tertiary oil recovery methods. The developed study allowed us to evaluate through CT images the porosity and the saturation profiles along the rock sample. Also, CT processed data enabled checking the volumetric material balance and determine the oil Recovery Factor (RF). The doubled checked SP data showed an RF increase of 17 and 10 percentage points for secondary and tertiary chemical injection schemes respect to conventional waterflooding. Finally, comparative results of the water cut (Wcut) evidenced the mobility ratio improvement and reduction on the remaining oil saturation.

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“…The X-ray absorption technique (Selle et al, 1993) and Ultrasonic technique (Thomas and Clouse, 1995) were also tentatively used to observe the migration pathway structure in a porous model and to measure oil saturation, but only for the quasi-2D media. Sharma et al (1997) and Hou et al (2009) used an X-ray CT (Computed Tomography) technique to observe fluid flow and measure fluid saturation in the 3D porous medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of secondary oil migration in a three-dimensional tilted porous medium

Yan¹,

Luo²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

Bulletin

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A three-dimensional physical experiment was carried out to study the oil secondary migration under an impermeable inclined cap. Light colored oil was released continuously at a slow rate of about 0.1 ml/min from a point at the basis of initially water saturated porous model. With the buoyancy as a primary driven force, a vertical cylindrical shape of oil migration pathway was observed first and then a layer-shaped of lateral migration pathway beneath the top inclined sealing plate once the oil cluster had reached the top cap. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to observe the migration processes-e.g. morphology of the migration pathway, intermittency of oil bubbles and variation of oil saturation within the migration paths. Results show that the snap-off phenomenon (related to fast local imbibition processes) occurred more often during vertical migration than it is during lateral. The lateral migration pathway which parallels to the top inclined cap has a typical vertical thickness of 2-4 cm (i.e. roughly 40-80 pores). This thickness is consistent with the prediction derived from the scaling laws related to the pore size and the Bond number. Along the lateral migration direction, the sectional area and the horizontal width of the migration pathway fluctuate drastically while the average oil saturation along the pathway remains almost the same. After stopping initial oil injection, the sectional area of migration pathway shrinks significantly. Therefore, it is-2-believed that this drastic shrinking of the migration pathway is the main reason why only relative small volume of oil and gas has been lost during the secondary migration.

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CT imaging techniques for two-phase and three-phase in-situ saturation measurements

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

A Comparative Study of Gas Flooding and Foam-Assisted Chemical Flooding in Bentheimer Sandstones

A Comparative Study of Gas Flooding and Foam-Assisted Chemical Flooding in Bentheimer Sandstones

The effectiveness of computed tomography for the experimental assessment of surfactant-polymer flooding

An experimental study of secondary oil migration in a three-dimensional tilted porous medium

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