CT-X antigen expression in human breast cancer

Grigoriadis, Anita; Caballero, Otávia L.; Hoek, Keith S.; Silva, Leonard Da; Chen, Yao‐Tseng; Shin, Sandra J.; Jungbluth, Achim A.; Miller, Lance D.; Clouston, David; Cebon, Jonathan; Old, Lloyd J.; Lakhani, Sunil R.; Simpson, Andrew J.G.; Neville, A. Munro

doi:10.1073/pnas.0906840106

Cited by 97 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In this context, the finding of higher expression of CT-X antigens (in particular MAGE and NY-ESO) in this subgroup opens up another potential avenue for therapy as vaccines against these antigens are already in clinical trial for lung cancer. 129 Finally, as mentioned earlier, a group of basal-like and triple-negative breast carcinomas have been shown to have a dysfunctional BRCA1 pathway. 32,65,[81][82][83] A significant number of these cases lack competent homologous recombination DNA repair.…”

Section: Clinical Behavior Of Basal-like and Triple-negative Breast Cmentioning

confidence: 77%

Basal-like and triple-negative breast cancers: a critical review with an emphasis on the implications for pathologists and oncologists

et al. 2011

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Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease encompassing a variety of entities with distinct morphological features and clinical behaviors. Although morphology is often associated with the pattern of molecular aberrations in breast cancers, it is also clear that tumors of the same histological type show remarkably different clinical behavior. This is particularly true for 'basal-like cancer', which is an entity defined using gene expression analysis. The purpose of this article was to review the current state of knowledge of basal-like breast cancers, to discuss the relationship between basal-like and triple-negative breast cancers, and to clarify practical implications of these diagnoses for pathologists and oncologists.

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Section: Clinical Behavior Of Basal-like and Triple-negative Breast Cmentioning

confidence: 77%

Basal-like and triple-negative breast cancers: a critical review with an emphasis on the implications for pathologists and oncologists

et al. 2011

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“…Total cellular lysate (50 g of protein) from LNCaP cells was used to detect endogenous PAGE4. The polyclonal antibody was the same as described previously (25) and was used at a 1:2,500 dilution overnight followed by incubation with secondary antibody at 1:50,000 dilution for 1 h.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cancer/Testis Antigen Prostate-associated Gene 4 (PAGE4) Is a Highly Intrinsically Disordered Protein

Zeng¹,

He²,

Yang

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are an important group of heterogeneous proteins that are predominantly expressed in the testis in the normal human adult but are aberrantly expressed in several types of cancers. Prostate-associated gene 4 (PAGE4) is a member of the CT-X family of CTAs that in addition to testis, is highly expressed in the fetal prostate, and may also play an important role both in benign and malignant prostate diseases. However, the function of this gene remains poorly understood. Here, we show that PAGE4 is a highly (100%) intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). The primary protein sequence conforms to the features of a typical IDP sequence and the secondary structure prediction algorithm metaPrDOS strongly supported this prediction. Furthermore, SDS-gel electrophoresis and analytical size exclusion chromatography of the recombinant protein revealed an anomalous behavior characteristic of IDPs. UV circular dichroism (CD) and NMR spectroscopy confirmed that PAGE4 is indeed a highly disordered protein. In further bioinformatic analysis, the PredictNLS algorithm uncovered a potential nuclear localization signal, whereas the algorithm DBS-Pred returned a 99.1% probability that PAGE4 is a DNAbinding protein. Consistent with this prediction, biochemical experiments showed that PAGE4 preferentially binds a GCrich sequence. Silencing PAGE4 expression induced cell death via apoptosis and in mice carrying PCa xenografts, siRNA-mediated knockdown of the PAGE4 mRNA attenuated tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, overexpressing PAGE4 protected cells from stress-induced death. To our knowledge, PAGE4 is the first example of a CTA that is an IDP with an anti-apoptotic function.

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“…The striking feature of these proteins is their restricted expression to the testis and low or no expression in normal tissues (31). They can thus be used as potential cancer vaccine targets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new bioinformatics insight into human cancer-associated proteins

2012

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Abstract. Cancer is a complex disease caused by multiple factors including genetic mutations, and environmental factors. Cancer-associated proteins are potential biomarkers or targets for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in cancer. The Universal Protein Resourse (UniPort) is a well-annotated comprehensive resourse for protein sequence records. In the present study, we performed data mining of UniProt proteins as a proteomic resource. We generated a catalog of 1653 cancer-associated proteins including 344 secretory proteins and 300 cell surface proteins. Integrated bioinformatic analysis including ontological classification, functional enrichment and pathway construction were performed. These proteins could serve as a reference for further studies to discover cancer targets, and the enriched bioinformatic analysis provides new insights into cancer proteomics research.

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CT-X antigen expression in human breast cancer

Cited by 97 publications

References 44 publications

Basal-like and triple-negative breast cancers: a critical review with an emphasis on the implications for pathologists and oncologists

Basal-like and triple-negative breast cancers: a critical review with an emphasis on the implications for pathologists and oncologists

The Cancer/Testis Antigen Prostate-associated Gene 4 (PAGE4) Is a Highly Intrinsically Disordered Protein

A new bioinformatics insight into human cancer-associated proteins

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