CTBN rubber phase precipitation in model epoxy resins

Wise, C W; Cook, Wayne D.; Goodwin, Andy A

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00686-2

Cited by 157 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…24 At the point of gelation, the reaction might become diffusion controlled and hence reduce the cure time. 24,25 Wise et al 26 also reported that the use of CTBN rubber modifier induced a high reactivity of the end groups with an epoxide ring, which ultimately resulted in the formation of spherical domains with fairly uniform particle size and well verified with SEM micrographs as discussed in the later section Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis.…”

Section: Effect Of Carboxyl-terminated Butadiene Acrylonotrile On Thementioning

confidence: 67%

Effect of carboxyl‐terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer concentration on mechanical and morphological features of binary blends of nonglycidyl‐type epoxy resins

Tripathi

Srivastava

2007

Adv Polym Technol

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Blend samples were prepared by physical blending of nonglycidyl-type epoxy resin with varying weight ratios of carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) copolymer ranging between 0 and 25 wt%. The blend samples were cured with stoichiometric quantity of diamine. A comparative study of prepared blend samples by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the modification as a result of chemical reactions between cycloaliphatic epoxy, CTBN, and 4,4 -diamino diphenyl sulfone. The impact strength of the blend systems increased up to 15 wt% addition of CTBN in the blend and decreased thereafter. The toughness and elongation at break increased, whereas tensile strength decreased up to 20 wt% loading of CTBN in the blends. Two-phase morphology appeared with the incorporation of CTBN in the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin matrix.

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Section: Effect Of Carboxyl-terminated Butadiene Acrylonotrile On Thementioning

confidence: 67%

Effect of carboxyl‐terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer concentration on mechanical and morphological features of binary blends of nonglycidyl‐type epoxy resins

Tripathi

Srivastava

2007

Adv Polym Technol

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“…CTBN systems 40 up to 15 wt % CTBN addition. The decrease of cure time could also be explained by the fact that, during the reaction of CTBN with the epoxy resin, some of the exothermic energy released during epoxy crosslinking might have been consumed by CTBN, which resulted in a decrease in the cure time.…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Dsc) Analysis Of the Blenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of cardanol‐based epoxidized novolac resins modified with carboxyl‐terminated butadiene–acrylonitrile copolymer

Yadav

Srivastava

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Cardanol-based, novolac-type phenolic resins were synthesized with a cardanol-to-formaldehyde molar ratio of 1 : 0.7 with different dicarboxylic acid catalysts, including oxalic and succinic acids. These novolac resins were epoxidized with a molar excess of epichlorohydrin at 120 C in a basic medium. The epoxidized novolac resins were separately blended with different weight ratios of carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN) ranging between 0 and 20 wt % with an interval of 5 wt %. All of the blends were cured at 120 C with a stoichiometric amount of polyamine. The formation of various products during the synthesis of the cardanol-based novolac resin and epoxidized novolac resin and the blending of the epoxidized novolac resin with CTBN was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Furthermore, the products were also confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-offlight mass spectroscopy analysis. The molecular weights of the prepared novolacs and their epoxidized novolac resins were determined by gel permeation chromatography analysis. The blend samples, in both cases, with 15 wt % CTBN concentrations showed the minimum cure times. These blend samples were also the most thermally stable systems. The blend morphology, studied by scanning electron microscopy analysis, was, finally, correlated with the structural and property changes in the blends.

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“…The toughening mechanism in the rubbermodified epoxy resin has been examined in many studies. [25][26][27] The fracture improvement usually was achieved at the cost of modulus, as the modulus of the rubber phase was low and a fraction of the rubber was dissolved in the cured resin matrix. A significant decrease in the glass-transition temperature T g was caused by CTBN as well.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on isotactic poly(phenyl glycidyl ether)‐modified epoxy resins. II. Toughening of epoxy resins

Zhang

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A semicrystalline polymer, isotactic poly(phenyl glycidyl ether) (i-PPGE) was used as a modifier for epoxy resin; 1,8-Diamino-p-methane (MNDA) and 4,4Ј-Diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS) were used as curing agents. In the MNDA-cured resins, the dispersed phase were spherical particles with diameters in the range of 0.5-1.0 m when the resin was blended with 5 phr i-PPGE. In the DDS-cured resins, the particle size distribution of the dispersed phase was much wider. The difference was traced back to the reactivity of the curing agent and the different regimes used for curing. Through dynamic mechanical analysis, it was found that in the MNDA-cured systems, i-PPGE had a lower crystallinity than in the DDS-cured system. In spite of the remarkable difference in the morphology and microstructure of the modified resins cured with these two curing agents, the toughening effects of i-PPGE were similar for these resins. The critical stress intensity factor (K IC ) was increased by 54% and 53%, respectively, for the resins cured by DDS and by MNDA, blending with 5 phr of the toughner. i-PPGE was comparable with the classical toughners carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers in effectiveness of toughening the epoxy resin. An advantage of i-PPGE was that the modulus and the glass-transition temperature of the resin were less affected. However, this modifier caused the flexural strength to decrease somewhat.

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CTBN rubber phase precipitation in model epoxy resins

Cited by 157 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of carboxyl‐terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer concentration on mechanical and morphological features of binary blends of nonglycidyl‐type epoxy resins

Effect of carboxyl‐terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer concentration on mechanical and morphological features of binary blends of nonglycidyl‐type epoxy resins

Synthesis and properties of cardanol‐based epoxidized novolac resins modified with carboxyl‐terminated butadiene–acrylonitrile copolymer

Studies on isotactic poly(phenyl glycidyl ether)‐modified epoxy resins. II. Toughening of epoxy resins

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