Cu<sub>3</sub>P as a novel cathode material for rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries

Li, Gangyong; Tu, Jiguo; Wang, Mingyong; Jiao, Shuqiang

doi:10.1039/c9ta00762h

Cited by 94 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Metal phosphides/phosphites can show both intercalation of Al 3+ ions as well as AlCl 4 − ions [141][142][143]. The mechanism for the intercalation of Al 3+ ions is the same as previously described, reduction of metal in the cathode material and binding of the Al 3+ ions.…”

Section: Metal Phosphides/phosphites As Cathodes In Al-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The most researched component for aluminum-ion batteries is the cathode. The research can be divided into six groups based on the type of material used for the cathode: metal oxides [127][128][129][130][131][132], metal sulfides [133][134][135][136][137], carbon [138,139], metal selenides [14,140] metal phosphides [141,142] and metal phosphite [143]. Here we highlight those works that focus on the function of the material.…”

Section: Aluminum-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries

et al. 2020

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We discuss the latest developments in alternative battery systems based on sodium, magnesium, zinc and aluminum. In each case, we categorize the individual metals by the overarching cathode material type, focusing on the energy storage mechanism. Specifically, sodium-ion batteries are the closest in technology and chemistry to today’s lithium-ion batteries. This lowers the technology transition barrier in the short term, but their low specific capacity creates a long-term problem. The lower reactivity of magnesium makes pure Mg metal anodes much safer than alkali ones. However, these are still reactive enough to be deactivated over time. Alloying magnesium with different metals can solve this problem. Combining this with different cathodes gives good specific capacities, but with a lower voltage (<1.3 V, compared with 3.8 V for Li-ion batteries). Zinc has the lowest theoretical specific capacity, but zinc metal anodes are so stable that they can be used without alterations. This results in comparable capacities to the other materials and can be immediately used in systems where weight is not a problem. Theoretically, aluminum is the most promising alternative, with its high specific capacity thanks to its three-electron redox reaction. However, the trade-off between stability and specific capacity is a problem. After analyzing each option separately, we compare them all via a political, economic, socio-cultural and technological (PEST) analysis. The review concludes with recommendations for future applications in the mobile and stationary power sectors.

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Section: Metal Phosphides/phosphites As Cathodes In Al-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Aluminum-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, there are some metallic compounds (such as CoSe 2 , [ 86 ] CoSe, [ 87 ] SnS 2 , [ 88 ] SnS, [ 89 ] Cu 2− x Se, [ 90 ] SnSe, [ 91 ] WO 3− x , [ 92 ] WS 2 , [ 93 ] CoTe 2 , [ 94 ] NiTe, [ 95 ] Cu 3 P [ 96 ] ) and MXene (such as D‐Ti 3 C 2 T x @S@TiO 2 , [ 97 ] F‐Ti 3 C 2 T x @Ag [ 98 ] ) have been applied as the positive electrode of RABs, working as AlCl 4 − intercalation mechanism. Compared with CBMs, the capacity is enhanced but the cyclic life is suffering.…”

Section: Rabs Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 200 635.8 168. 6 200 NiTe [95] ≈0.9 500 458 307 100 Cu 3 P [96] ≈0. Building defects via changing charge density was proved an effective way of improving capacity.…”

Section: Intercalation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Trends in Nonaqueous Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries

Shen

et al. 2022

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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that equipping Al negative electrode with decent positive electrodes, operable separator and excellent electrolyte to achieve transformation reversibly is an issue.Al-based batteries have been researched for more than 160 years, [20] including Al-air batteries and rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs). The RABs can be divided into aqueous RABs and nonaqueous RABs according to the type of the electrolyte. Considering the low cyclic stability and inferior performance of the Al-air batteries [21] and the narrow potential window of the aqueous RABs [22][23] caused by the decomposition voltage of water (1.23 V), the above mentioned two systems aren't discussed in this paper. Security and the low cost of nonaqueous RABs are regarded as potential energy storage devices. The first functional RAB with Al as the negative electrode was reported in 2011, which exhibited an initial capacity of 305 mA h g −1 . But there was only ≈0.55 V of discharging voltage plateau. [24] In 2015, Sun et al. adopted carbon paper as the positive electrode in RABs creatively, which resulted in an improved average voltage plateau of 1.8 V, the potential application of RABs with prospective energy density aroused the interests of scholars and merchants. [25] In 2015, Lin et al. [26] assembled RABs with Al foil as the negative electrode, 3D graphitic foam as the positive electrode, AlCl 3 /[EMIm]Cl as the electrolyte. The RABs charged and discharged more than 7500 cycles at 4 A g −1 without capacity decay. Since then, many researchers have been turning their eyes to RABs. As can be seen in Figure 2, the positive electrode materials and electrolytes have been devoted increasing attentions year by year and the overall performance of RABs could be further improved by exploring new positive electrode materials and electrolytes. [27] RABs have been achieved great accomplishments after continuous investment. However, some issues are hampering the development of RABs. For instance, the blurry mechanism of RABs, the inferior energy density of the positive electrodes, and the difficulties brought up by corrosion of electrolytes. [28] In addition, the high cost of separators and electrolytes are challenges for commercialization. In this work, the developments of RABs are reviewed, covering exploration and characterization of the mechanism, design criteria, and research status of the components (positive electrodes, electrolytes, negative electrodes, separators, and current collectors) of RABs. Remarkably, the overall performance (energy density, cyclic stability, power density, security, ecofriendliness, and flexibility) of RABs are evaluated from the view of devices. The outlook for boosting the development of RABs is proposed subsequently. It is important to research new energy storage technology for substituting the deficiencies of current energy storage devices, i.e., the poor energy density of lead-acid batteries, the high cost of lithium-ion batteries, etc. Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) are regarded as one of the most promising storage devic...

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“…To increase the capacity of rechargeable Al batteries, a new approach is necessary. [11][12][13] One solution is to devise new positive electrode active materials that have different charge/discharge mechanisms. Transition metal chlorides do not have vacant sites to accommodate Li + , but they can function as positive electrode active materials under the following reversible conversion reaction: 14 MCl n + nLi + + ne À % M + nLiCl (M: transition metal) (1) Transition metal ions are reduced to metal during discharging, and Cl À ions react with Li + ions in the electrolyte to form the ionic compound LiCl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%