Cu–Y, Cu–La and Cu–Ba alloys’ microstructure and ablation behavior discharging in air and SF6

Yuan, Jie; Liu, Yuan; Zhu, Tao; Zhao, Shunhong

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2019.109163

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In contrast, the cathode in vacuum interrupters is exposed to the cyclic erosion of the arc during repeated breaks, and the arc foot is restricted in a relatively fixed area. Despite the different discharging conditions in arc heaters and vacuum interrupters, similar strategies, for example, composition [20,21] or organization optimization [13,22], were proved efficient at alleviating the cathode erosion in both situations. CuCr composites are the most widely used contact materials in medium-voltage high-current interrupters [23].…”

Section: Cr Cumentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium, a promising cathode candidate for homogeneous arc erosion in air

Guan¹,

Yuan²,

Lv³

et al. 2020

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Cathode erosion hinders the development of high-power arc heaters, and the inhomogeneous erosion of the copper cathode results in catastrophic failures. In this work, the arc erosion behavior of a chromium cathode was investigated compared with copper. The former was relatively homogeneous with shallow erosion pits. The eroded microstructure suggests that the surface chromic oxide layer could suppress the formation of deep craters. The maximum erosion depth and the erosion rate of chromium were lower than those of copper. The single erosion pits on chromium gradually extended and disappeared, suggesting a reduction in the input energy flux density. The underlying mechanism for the homogeneous erosion behavior of the chromium cathode was proposed. The homogeneous erosion behavior of the chromium cathode makes it a promising candidate for high-power arc heaters.

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Section: Cr Cumentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium, a promising cathode candidate for homogeneous arc erosion in air

Guan¹,

Yuan²,

Lv³

et al. 2020

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…The Cu-Y, Cu-Ba, Cu-Hf, Cu-La, and Cu-Cr 2 Nb alloys were prepared by an arc furnace, as shown in figure 2(a) [22]. The content of these alloys was mol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of a micro multi-electrode technology applied in an air arc heater

Yuan¹,

Liu²,

Zhu³

et al. 2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Arc heaters are vital equipment for the ground thermal appraisal of space probes reentering Earth’s atmosphere. However, the cathodes of arc heaters are currently made of pure copper, and cathode erosion limits the appraisal. A micro multi-electrode technology was proposed to reduce cathode erosion. Cu–Y, Cu–Ba, Cu–Hf, Cu–La, Cu–Cr2Nb, Cu–LaB6, Cu–HfO2, and Cu–Y2O3 alloys were prepared with a content of mol. 0.3%. The microstructure, electron-emission abilities, and arc-attraction abilities of the prepared alloys were analyzed. These alloys consist of low work function (LWF) phases and copper. The electron-emission abilities of these alloys are 10–30 times higher than that of copper. The LWF phase can attract the arc, and its arc-attraction ability can be characterized by a parameter, . The arc-attraction ability of these LWF phases from low to high is Cu, Cu6Y, Cu6La, Cu13Ba, Cu5Hf, Cr2Nb, HfO2, Y2O3, and LaB6. The arc-attraction ability of the LWF phase is related to its work function and its melting point. Cr2Nb, HfO2, Y2O3, and LaB6 successfully attracted and separated the single arc spot into multiple micro spots, which verified the feasibilty of the micro multi-electrode technology.

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“…Figure 7(b) shows the presence of multiple coral-like structures within the eroded region due to the excellent arc extinguishing properties of the sulfur hexafluoride atmosphere, which absorbs the heat generated by the arc and increases the viscosity of the melt pool, so that the droplets formed by gravity tend to solidify before sputtering outward. As the discharge distance in sulfur hexafluoride atmosphere is shortened, the surface of the cathode is eroded by the heat and undergoes strong thermal expansion, and then shrinks as the temperature decreases, resulting in cracks on the surface between these coral-like structures [37]. Figure 7(c) shows the sputtered particle formed in the sulfur hexafluoride atmosphere, whose EDS result is shown in figure 7(d), mainly composed of Cu, F and S. The results show that SF 6 decomposes at high temperature, while fluorine and sulfur are retained by reacting with molten copper.…”

Section: In Sulfur Hexafluoride Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion behavior and mechanism of Cu-B₄C composites under arc discharge in different atmospheres

Feng

Wang

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

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Ceramic particle-reinforced materials are an important part of high-performance contact materials because of the excellent performance in resistance to arc erosion. In particular, B4C is the ideal choice for the preparation of high-performance electrical contact materials because of its excellent physicochemical properties. In this paper, Cu-B4C composites were prepared by hot-press sintering technology to illustrate the arc erosion behavior of Cu-B4C composites in different atmospheres at high voltages. The erosion morphology and composition of Cu-B4C composites after erosion in air, carbon dioxide and sulfur hexafluoride atmosphere at 8kV were studied. The different erosion mechanisms of Cu-B4C composites in air, carbon dioxide and sulfur hexafluoride atmospheres were systematically discussed. The results showed that the Cu-B4C composites exhibited inhomogeneous erosion in all three atmospheres, and the erosion was mainly concentrated in the region around the B4C particles. In air, the Cu-B4C composites were most severely eroded, but showed better erosion resistance in carbon dioxide and sulfur hexafluoride. The experimental atmosphere decomposed and reacted with copper on the cathode surface at high temperatures, while B4C maintained a good structure after erosion.

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Cu–Y, Cu–La and Cu–Ba alloys’ microstructure and ablation behavior discharging in air and SF6

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Chromium, a promising cathode candidate for homogeneous arc erosion in air

Chromium, a promising cathode candidate for homogeneous arc erosion in air

Exploration of a micro multi-electrode technology applied in an air arc heater

Erosion behavior and mechanism of Cu-B₄C composites under arc discharge in different atmospheres

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Cu–Y, Cu–La and Cu–Ba alloys’ microstructure and ablation behavior discharging in air and SF6

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Chromium, a promising cathode candidate for homogeneous arc erosion in air

Chromium, a promising cathode candidate for homogeneous arc erosion in air

Exploration of a micro multi-electrode technology applied in an air arc heater

Erosion behavior and mechanism of Cu-B4C composites under arc discharge in different atmospheres

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Product

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Erosion behavior and mechanism of Cu-B₄C composites under arc discharge in different atmospheres