“…6 c. The results showed that superoxide radicals (O 2 −· ) and holes (h + ) were the main active radicals during photocatalysis and hydroxyl radicals ( · OH) were the secondary radicals. (Mohammed et al 2021 ). Fig.…”
Section: Photocatalysis By Conducting Polymer/zinc Oxide Nanohybridsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…RR 45: C.I. reactive red 45; AR: alizarin red; MO: methyl orange; CV: crystal violet Year Photocatalyst Method of synthesis Size (nm) and morphology Model Pollutants Degradation efficiency and time Reference 2021 PANI/Cu 2 O/ZnO facile one-pot solvothermal method and in situ polymerization 101; irregular shape Degradation of CR 100% in less than 30 min Mohammed et al ( 2021 ) 2021 PANI/ZnO/ MoS 2 Facile hydrothermal route 5; sea urchin-like morphology Degradation of MB and TC 99.6% of MB and 94.5% TC in 60 min Sharma et al ( 2021 ) 2021 PANI/ZnO-CoMoO 4 In situ polymerization – Degradation of IM 97% in 180 min Adabavazeh et al ( 2021 ) 2021 PPY/ZnO Ultrasonic assisted – Reduction of Cr +6 99.2% after four cycles Balakumar and Baishnisha ( 2021 ) 2020 PTH/ZnO Facile sol–gel and oxidative polymerization 10 Degradation of MB and gemifloxacin antibiotic 95% of MB and 80% of gemifloxacin antibiotic in 180 min Faisal et al ( 2020 ) 2020 α-SiW11Cr/PANI/ZnO Electrostatic self-assembly Irregular and spherical, Degradation of MG 94% in 180 min …”
Section: Photocatalysis By Conducting Polymer/zinc Oxide Nanohybridsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…6 Charge transfer pathway of a double Z-scheme Cu 2 O/ZnO/ polyaniline ternary composite (CZP) for oxidation and reduction under visible-light irradiation. b the rate constant of photocatalytic activity on Congo red dye by Cu 2 O/ZnO/ polyaniline ternary composite (CZP) at different loadings, c effects of scavengers on the degradation of Congo red on to Cu 2 O/ZnO/ polyaniline ternary composite (CZP) (Reprinted from Mohammed et al 2021 with permission from Elsevier). HOMO: highest occupied molecular orbital; LUMO: lowest unoccupied molecular orbital; PANI: polyaniline; ZnO: zinc oxide; Cu 2 O: copper (I) oxide; CB: conduction band; VB: valence band; CZP: Cu 2 O/ZnO/ polyaniline ternary composite …”
Section: Photocatalysis By Conducting Polymer/zinc Oxide Nanohybridsmentioning
The accessibility to clean water is essential for humans, yet nearly 250 million people die yearly due to contamination by cholera, dysentery, arsenicosis, hepatitis A, polio, typhoid fever, schistosomiasis, malaria, and lead poisoning, according to the World Health Organization. Therefore, advanced materials and techniques are needed to remove contaminants. Here, we review nanohybrids combining conducting polymers and zinc oxide for the photocatalytic purification of waters, with focus on in situ polymerization, template synthesis, sol–gel method, and mixing of semiconductors. Advantages include less corrosion of zinc oxide, less charge recombination and more visible light absorption, up to 53%.
“…6 c. The results showed that superoxide radicals (O 2 −· ) and holes (h + ) were the main active radicals during photocatalysis and hydroxyl radicals ( · OH) were the secondary radicals. (Mohammed et al 2021 ). Fig.…”
Section: Photocatalysis By Conducting Polymer/zinc Oxide Nanohybridsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…RR 45: C.I. reactive red 45; AR: alizarin red; MO: methyl orange; CV: crystal violet Year Photocatalyst Method of synthesis Size (nm) and morphology Model Pollutants Degradation efficiency and time Reference 2021 PANI/Cu 2 O/ZnO facile one-pot solvothermal method and in situ polymerization 101; irregular shape Degradation of CR 100% in less than 30 min Mohammed et al ( 2021 ) 2021 PANI/ZnO/ MoS 2 Facile hydrothermal route 5; sea urchin-like morphology Degradation of MB and TC 99.6% of MB and 94.5% TC in 60 min Sharma et al ( 2021 ) 2021 PANI/ZnO-CoMoO 4 In situ polymerization – Degradation of IM 97% in 180 min Adabavazeh et al ( 2021 ) 2021 PPY/ZnO Ultrasonic assisted – Reduction of Cr +6 99.2% after four cycles Balakumar and Baishnisha ( 2021 ) 2020 PTH/ZnO Facile sol–gel and oxidative polymerization 10 Degradation of MB and gemifloxacin antibiotic 95% of MB and 80% of gemifloxacin antibiotic in 180 min Faisal et al ( 2020 ) 2020 α-SiW11Cr/PANI/ZnO Electrostatic self-assembly Irregular and spherical, Degradation of MG 94% in 180 min …”
Section: Photocatalysis By Conducting Polymer/zinc Oxide Nanohybridsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…6 Charge transfer pathway of a double Z-scheme Cu 2 O/ZnO/ polyaniline ternary composite (CZP) for oxidation and reduction under visible-light irradiation. b the rate constant of photocatalytic activity on Congo red dye by Cu 2 O/ZnO/ polyaniline ternary composite (CZP) at different loadings, c effects of scavengers on the degradation of Congo red on to Cu 2 O/ZnO/ polyaniline ternary composite (CZP) (Reprinted from Mohammed et al 2021 with permission from Elsevier). HOMO: highest occupied molecular orbital; LUMO: lowest unoccupied molecular orbital; PANI: polyaniline; ZnO: zinc oxide; Cu 2 O: copper (I) oxide; CB: conduction band; VB: valence band; CZP: Cu 2 O/ZnO/ polyaniline ternary composite …”
Section: Photocatalysis By Conducting Polymer/zinc Oxide Nanohybridsmentioning
The accessibility to clean water is essential for humans, yet nearly 250 million people die yearly due to contamination by cholera, dysentery, arsenicosis, hepatitis A, polio, typhoid fever, schistosomiasis, malaria, and lead poisoning, according to the World Health Organization. Therefore, advanced materials and techniques are needed to remove contaminants. Here, we review nanohybrids combining conducting polymers and zinc oxide for the photocatalytic purification of waters, with focus on in situ polymerization, template synthesis, sol–gel method, and mixing of semiconductors. Advantages include less corrosion of zinc oxide, less charge recombination and more visible light absorption, up to 53%.
“…In these Z-scheme composite photocatalysts, photogenerated electrons from a metal oxide recombine with the photogenerated holes in another coupled metal oxide [ 99 , 103 ]. For example, the ternary composite Cu 2 O/ZnO- PANI showed Z-scheme heterojunction properties, which resulted in super-fast photocatalytic activities and high stability [ 38 ]. The photocatalytic mechanism of the Z-scheme Cu 2 O/ZnO- PANI composite is presented in Figure 5 b.…”
Section: Visible-light-responsive Photocatalysis Mechanisms Of Conducting Polymer/metal Oxide Compositesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… ( a ) Proposed mechanism for the photocatalytic degradation using a binary PANI/TiO 2 composite under visible-light irradiation [ 101 ]. ( b ) Schematic diagram of the charge transfer pathway in a ternary Z-scheme Cu 2 O/ZnO-PANI composite under visible-light irradiation [ 38 ]. ( c ) Mechanism of photocatalytic activity of ternary PANI/TiO 2 /rGO composite [ 102 ].…”
Photocatalysts provide a sustainable method of treating organic pollutants in wastewater and converting greenhouse gases. Many studies have been published on this topic in recent years, which signifies the great interest and attention that this topic inspires in the community, as well as in scientists. Composite photocatalysts based on conducting polymers and metal oxides have emerged as novel and promising photoactive materials. It has been demonstrated that conducting polymers can substantially improve the photocatalytic efficiency of metal oxides owing to their superior photocatalytic activities, high conductivities, and unique electrochemical and optical properties. Consequently, conducting polymer/metal oxide composites exhibit a high photoresponse and possess a higher surface area allowing for visible light absorption, low recombination of charge carriers, and high photocatalytic performance. Herein, we provide an overview of recent advances in the development of conducting polymer/metal oxide composite photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation and CO2 conversion through photocatalytic processes.
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