Cuban policosanol: a natural compound for ischemic stroke treatment

Abstract

Stroke is among the leading causes of mortality and disability; therefore, it constitutes a relevant health problem. Cuban policosanol presents lipid-lowering, antiplatelet, antioxidant and vascular endothelium protective properties, all of which give it a comprehensive anti-atherosclerotic effect. This review is aimed to show, analyze and discuss the main preclinical and clinical evidence of the effects of Cuban policosanol on ischemic stroke. Preclinical studies evidenced the anti-ischemic effects of preventive and therapeutic oral treatment with Cuban policosanol in Mongolian gerbils with cerebral ischemia induced by unilateral and permanent ligation of a carotid artery, and in global cerebral ischemia induced by bilateral clamping and recirculation of both carotids; being similar or superior to other anti-ischemic agents. Also, combination therapy with aspirin produced greater anti-stroke efficacy compared with aspirin monotherapy, but being similar to policosanol plus atorvastatin combination. This anti-stroke effect was associated to a serum thromboxane A2 (TxA2) concentrations reduction and prostacyclin (PgI2) increase, leading to a favorable TxA2/PgI2 balance, and also to the malondialdehyde (MDA) and sulfhydryl groups (SHG, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation markers, respectively) reduction. Cuban policosanol combined with aspirin (standard therapy) improved and benefited patients with prior ischemic stroke in terms of functional and neurological outcomes, in open-label studies and in randomized, double-blind, controlled studies. These beneficial effects on stroke patients were associated with antioxidant and antiplatelet effects of policosanol. Also, the combinations of Cuban policosanol plus aspirin and atorvastatin plus aspirin compared in a clinical study significantly and similarly improved the neurological recovery of patients with ischemic stroke. Cuban policosanol was safe and well tolerated, with no serious adverse events occurring during the trials. In conclusion, Cuban policosanol is a safe and effective natural drug for ischemic stroke treatment, which is supported by preclinical and clinical evidences.