Abstract. Let T ⊂ R n be a fixed set. By a scaled copy of T around x ∈ R n we mean a set of the form x + rT for some r > 0.In this survey paper we study results about the following type of problems: How small can a set be if it contains a scaled copy of T around every point of a set of given size? We will consider the cases when T is circle or sphere centered at the origin, Cantor set in R, the boundary of a square centered at the origin, or more generally the k-skeleton (0 ≤ k < n) of an n-dimensional cube centered at the origin or the k-skeleton of a more general polytope of R n .We also study the case when we allow not only scaled copies but also scaled and rotated copies and also the case when we allow only rotated copies.
IntroductionIn this survey paper we study the following type of problems. How small can a set be if it contains a scaled copy of a given set around a large set of points of R n ? More precisely:n be a fixed set and let S, B ⊂ R n be sets such that for every x ∈ S there exists an r > 0 such that x + rT ⊂ B, in other words B contains a scaled copy of T around every point of S. How small can B be if we know the size of S?In Section 2 we study the case when T is a circle or sphere centered at the origin and we present the classical deep results of Stein [19] In Section 3 we study the case when n = 1 and T is a Cantor set with 0 ∈ T . In this case there are four results: Laba and Pramanik [13] constructed Cantor sets T ⊂ [1, 2] for which the Lebesgue measure of B must be positive whenever S has positive Lebesgue measure; Máthé [16] constructed Cantor sets T for which this is false; Hochman [9] proved that if dim H S > 0 then dim H B > dim H C + δ for any porous Cantor set T , where δ > 0 depends only on dim H T and dim H S; and Máthé noticed that it is a consequence of a recent projection theorem of Bourgain [2] . In Section 4 we present the results of Nagy, Shmerkin and the author [11] about the case when n = 2 and T is the boundary or the set of vertices of a fixed axis parallel square centered at the origin. It turns out that in these cases B can be much smaller than S. If S = R 2 and T is the boundary of the square then the minimal Hausdorff dimension of B is 1 (Proposition 4.3), the minimal upper box, lower box and packing dimensions of B are all 7/4 (Theorem 4.5). If S = R 2 and T is the set 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 28A78.