Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting

Bateson, Melissa; Nettle, Daniel; Roberts, Gehan

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0509

Cited by 1,012 publications

(757 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The fact that people might change their behavior simply because they are being observed has been documented in other fields as well, and has been attributed to reputational concerns (e.g. Bateson et al, 2006). Thus, it seems plausible that, in addition to seasonal changes in weather and traffic conditions, increased speeding from pre-to post-measurement can be attributed to the fading awareness of being monitored.…”

Section: Effects Of Being Monitoredmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Pay-As-You-Drive vehicle insurance on young drivers’ speed choice: Results of a Dutch field experiment

Bolderdijk

Knockaert

Steg

et al. 2011

Accident Analysis & Prevention

165

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a b s t r a c tSpeeding is an important cause for young drivers' involvement in traffic accidents. A reduction in driving speeds of this group could result in fewer accidents. One way of reducing driving speed is offering explicit financial incentives. In collaboration with five Dutch car insurance companies, we tested the effects of a Pay-As-You-Drive insurance fee on driving speed. A group of young drivers could save money on their monthly insurance fee by keeping the speed limit. Driving speed was monitored through GPS technology during one year. Analyses showed that, relative to pre-and post-measurement, as well as a control group, the introduction of a Pay-As-You-Drive insurance fee significantly reduced speed violations of young drivers.

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Section: Effects Of Being Monitoredmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Pay-As-You-Drive vehicle insurance on young drivers’ speed choice: Results of a Dutch field experiment

Bolderdijk

Knockaert

Steg

et al. 2011

Accident Analysis & Prevention

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This alertness can misfire: it has been shown that by merely seeing the image of an eye, players can be motivated to increase donations substantially [56][57][58]. Such obvious maladaptions strongly support the hypothesis that our evolutionary legacy shapes our economic behaviour.…”

Section: Proximate Causes Of Costly Punishmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Punish or perish? Retaliation and collaboration among humans

Sigmund

2007

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

271

238

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“…Research in this area has shown that individuals pay nearly three times more for drinks when a pair of eyes were placed on a donationbased vending machine then when images of flowers were placed on the machine (Bateson, Nettle, and Roberts 2006). Similarly, people contribute more in public-goods games when they see images of a robot on their computer screen (Burnham and Hare 2007) or when a pair of schematic eyes are placed in their computer background (Haley and Fessler 2005).…”

Section: What Key Outcomes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attention evoked by embodied cues can also affect economic decisions (Haley and Fessler 2005;Bateson, Nettle, and Roberts 2006;Burnham and Hare 2007). Research in this area has shown that individuals pay nearly three times more for drinks when a pair of eyes were placed on a donationbased vending machine then when images of flowers were placed on the machine (Bateson, Nettle, and Roberts 2006).…”

Section: What Key Outcomes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Embodied Cues for Dialogue with Robots

Mutlu

2011

AI Magazine

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ArticlesWINTER 2011 17 O ne of the most promising concepts that emerged in the last two decades of computer science research is embodied interaction -representing computational intelligence in and offering interaction through physical or simulated ''bodies." Such representations vary from physical artifacts (such as tangible interfaces) to biological forms (such as humanlike agents and robots) and offer templates for understanding and interacting with complex computational systems (Ullmer and Ishii 2000, Cassell 2001, Breazeal 2003. Physically embodied humanlike attributes provide particularly rich representations with which people are intimately familiar, and systems that draw on these representations promise significant social and task outcomes in key application domains from education (Kanda et al. 2004) to collaboration (Bluethmann et al. 2003) to rehabilitation (Dautenhahn and Werry 2004).Embodied interaction offers not only a familiar template for making sense of and interacting with computational systems but also an opportunity to achieve the most effective forms of human interaction for achieving positive social and task outcomes in such domains. How do the most effective teachers improve student learning? How do the most effective speakers capture their audiences? How do the most effective personal coaches motivate people to achieve their goals? Research in human communication has shown that brief observations of the bodily, facial, speech, and vocal cues that people display predict these outcomes (Ambady and Rosenthal 1992). Seemingly subtle differences in such cues of interaction partners shape outcomes such as perceptions of their attitudes (Mehrabian 1967), the persuasiveness of their messages (Segrin 1993), and their performance in collaborative work (Burgoon et al. 2002).This tight coupling between communicative cues and key social, cognitive, and task outcomes opens up a space for designing effective interactions for robots to elicit particular positive

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Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting

Cited by 1,012 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of Pay-As-You-Drive vehicle insurance on young drivers’ speed choice: Results of a Dutch field experiment

Effects of Pay-As-You-Drive vehicle insurance on young drivers’ speed choice: Results of a Dutch field experiment

Punish or perish? Retaliation and collaboration among humans

Designing Embodied Cues for Dialogue with Robots

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