Cuffless blood pressure estimation using only photoplethysmography based on cardiovascular parameters

Abstract

This study provides cuffless blood pressure estimation. In general, blood pressure changes when the subject's condition changes, and it is important to estimate it continuously and noninvasively. In many previous studies, they used PTT (Pulse Transmission Time) for estimating. However, PTT needs both electrocardiogram and photoplethysmography to be measured. Our method needs only a finger type photoplethysmographic sensor for estimating. We use the features obtained only from photoplethysmography for estimating, instead of PTT obtained from electrocardiogram. The features used are accelerated plethysmography's waveform, Heart Rate Variability and the rate of photoplethysmography's drift. Blood pressure is modeled as the product of CO (Cardiac Output) and TPR (Total Peripheral Resistance) in general. Then, we estimated blood pressure as the product of eCO and eTPR estimated by proposed photoplethysmography's features with Stepwise multiple regression analysis. Therefore, our proposed method provides not only blood pressure, but also CO and TPR. As of result, we estimated blood pressure based on eCO and eTPR, and we obtained r = 0.71. Therefore, we could obtain the result closer to Finometer in accuracy.

Generalized Deep Neural Network Model for Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation with Photoplethysmogram Signal Only

“…The candidate features are the 65 features proposed in past studies [ 10 , 16 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], which are reported to be highly related to blood pressure estimation [ 11 ]. Among them, we select 59 features, including hr, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8, AS, dAS, sdAS, DS, dDS, sdDS, S1, S2, AA, dAA, sdAA, DA, dDA, sdDA, RAAD, dRAAD, sdRAAD, PI, dPI, sdPI, dVI, sdVI, AID, dAID, sdAID, dDID, sdDID, PIR, dPIR, sdPIR, dRIPV, sdRIPV, AT, dAT, sdAT, DT, dDT, sdDT, dTVO, sdTVO, Slope_a, S3, S4, RtArea, NI, AI, AI1, RSD, RSC and RDC .…”

Inverse-model-based cuffless blood pressure estimation using a single photoplethysmography sensor

“…In contrast to the proposed method, previously reported methods for estimating the blood pressure employed pulse-wave parameters as explanatory variables. 8,10 The estimation accuracy of the proposed method was confirmed to be higher than that of these methods. The proposed method requires that the measurements be made when the patient is at rest and in a seated position, in the same manner as that for commercial cuff-type blood pressure monitors.…”

“…The proposed cuffless method for estimating the blood pressure, which uses only a single photoplethysmography sensor, is drawing attention as a blood pressure measuring method that does not involve the use of an electrocardiographic sensor [8][9][10][11] . In this method, the blood pressure is determined on the basis of the pulse wave patterns acquired with the photoplethysmography sensor.…”

Effects of Skin Surface Temperature on Photoplethysmograph

“…Finometer (Model-1, FMS, Netherlands) was used to continuously measure BP, HR, SV, CO and TPR while changing SST [10][11][12][13][14]. Sensors of Finometer were positioned on the left middle finger.…”