Cultivar and age differences in the production of allelochemicals bySecale cereale

Abstract

Concentrations of DIBOA [2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-(2H)-benzoxazine-3-one] and BOA [2-(3H)-benzoxazolinone], described previously as major allelochemicals inSecale cereale(rye), were determined in eight field-grown cultivars, harvested at booting, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Allelochemicals were also quantified in greenhouse-grown cultivar ‘Bates’ harvested 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after planting (DAP). The total production of DIBOA and BOA from field-grownS. cerealeranged from 137 to 1,469 μg g−1dry tissue among the eight cultivars. ‘Bonel’ cultivar had the highest hydroxamic acid (HA) content and ‘Pastar’ the lowest. Bonel also showed the highest activity onEleusine indica(goosegrass) and Pastar the least, in culture plate bioassays using aqueous extracts. HA content in shoot tissue varied withS. cerealematurity. The greatest level of HA in greenhouse-grown Bates was obtained 60 DAP compared to 30 DAP.

2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA) induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and changes in some antioxidant enzyme activities in mung bean (Phaseolus aureus)

“…However, its phytotoxic effect depends upon the amount of BOA available within the soil and the type of crop/ weed growing [13]. Further, the amount of BOA released from the rye depends upon the age of residues and the cutivar used [15]. Argandona et al [4] reported that 34-day-old rye could release hydroxamic acids at the rate of over 16.2 kg ha -1 .…”

“…Argandona et al [4] reported that 34-day-old rye could release hydroxamic acids at the rate of over 16.2 kg ha -1 . Burgos et al [15] observed that residues from some of the rye cultivars could release BOA at 1.17 mg kg -1 soil. The realistic concentration of BOA present in the soil environment, however, depends upon a number of factors including amount of residue and type of rye cultivar incorporated into the soil and the microbial activity.…”

Improving the use of rye (Secale cereale) for nematode management: potential to select cultivars based on Meloidogyne incognita host status and benzoxazinoid content

“…For example, cv. Bonel was the highest producer of DIBOA and BOA compared to cvs Aroostook and Oklon (Burgos et al, 1999). At a similar sampling date in another study (Reberg-Horton et al, 2005), cvs Bonel and Wrens Abruzzi were similar in DIBOA concentrations, but both cultivars contained lower DIBOA concentrations than cv.…”

“…Others have demonstrated differences among cultivars, in non-methoxy substituted benzoxazinoids (DIBOA and BOA) in field-grown plant material (Burgos et al, 1999;Reberg-Horton et al, 2005). For example, cv.…”

“…Environmental conditions have a profound impact on plant chemistry (Mawaja et al, 1995), and may account for the difference between studies. In addition, those studies (Burgos et al, 1999;Reberg-Horton et al, 2005) focused only on the shoots of plants and the non-methoxy substituted benzoxazinoids. In our study, the majority (99%) of the benzoxazinoids in the rye shoots, regardless of cultivar, was the non-methoxy-substituted forms; this is similar to previous findings (Zùňiga et al, 1983).…”