Cultivated and Wild Juvenile Thick-Lipped Grey Mullet, Chelon labrosus: A Comparison from a Nutritional Point of View

Abstract

The thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus) is a nominee fish species for aquaculture diversification in Spain because it is an omnivore and euryhaline species, but limited knowledge about the nutritional attributes of this species is available. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of wild and cultured fish. The muscle proximate composition, and fatty acid and amino acid profiles were assessed. The cultivated specimens showed a higher lipid content and lower protein and ash contents compared with the wild specimens. The predominant tissue fatty acids in both the wild and cultivated fish were palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). A higher content of arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and DHA were detected in the muscle of wild mullets, while the fish supplied with commercial pellets showed higher quantities of monounsaturated fatty acids, and lower quantities of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Regarding PUFAs, n-3 fatty acids were predominant in wild mullets, while n-6 and n-9 were more abundant in farmed fish. In terms of amino acid composition, except for histidine in wild specimens, the amino acid amounts were higher than the FAO/WHO standard. In conclusion, C. labrosus may contribute to improving the dietary intake of highly polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, with a benefit to human health, owing to that fact that a 100-gram fillet portion of cultivated and wild C. labrosus can provide 770 mg and 1160 mg of EPA and DHA, respectively, which exceeds the 250 mg dietary daily intake recommended by the FAO/WHO.

Evaluation of the Combined Administration of Chlorella fusca and Vibrio proteolyticus in Diets for Chelon labrosus: Effects on Growth, Metabolism, and Digestive Functionality

“…The results showed that there were no differences between the two experimental diets (C-15 from García-Márquez et al [37] and C + V from the present study) (Table S2, Figure S1), despite the fact that the experiments were carried out on fish of different sizes and over different photoperiods. Although the values of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the experimental diets were not as high as the values obtained in wild fish (García-Márquez et al [56]), they were significantly higher than in fish fed the control feeds. This demonstrates that the use of microalgae in the diet can be a good strategy for increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the flesh of farmed fish, bearing in mind that these fatty acids are important for human nutrition.…”

“…For this, we used the mean of each independent replicate tank against the mean of the controls (the C-15/CT EXP1 and C + V/CT EXP2 quotients) in each parameter. Second, a one-way ANOVA was applied to determine statistical differences in the EPA + DHA content in fish fillets from wild specimens (García-Márquez et al [56]), from specimens fed the 15% C. fusca (C-15) diet compared to its control diet (CT EXP1) (García-Márquez et al [37]), and from specimens fed with the combination of C. fusca and V. proteolyticus (C + V) compared to its control diet (CT EXP2) (the present study).…”

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https:// www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/ani13040589/s1, Figure S1: Comparison of EPA + DHA content (mg/100 g of raw meat) in wild specimens (García-Márquez et al [56]), specimens fed 15% C. fusca (C-15) diet and their control group (CT EXP1) (García-Márquez et al [37]), and specimens fed the combination of C. fusca and V. proteolyticus (C + V) and their control diet (CT EXP2) (the present study); Table S1: Quantification of the histological parameters assessed in the liver of juvenile C. labrosus fed the control (CT) or C. fusca + V. proteolyticus (C + V) diets for 90 days; Table S2: Increase in growth performance and nutrient utilization ratios in C. labrosus fed 90 days with 15% C. fusca (C-15) diet against its control diet (CT EXP1) (García-Márquez et al [37]), and specimens fed 90 days the combination of C. fusca and V. proteolyticus (C + V) against its control diet (CT EXP2) (present study). Values represent the mean of each replicate tank against the mean of the controls (C-15/CT EXP1 and C + V/CT EXP2 quotients) in each parameter.…”

Dietary Use of the Microalga Chlorella fusca Improves Growth, Metabolism, and Digestive Functionality in Thick-Lipped Grey Mullet (Chelon labrosus, Risso 1827) Juveniles

“…The thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus, Risso 1827) has been described as an easily cultivable species and could constitute a low-trophic level new candidate for aquaculture diversification (Zouiten et al, 2008;Garcıá-Maŕquez et al, 2021). Recent studies have been focused on practical aspects of its culture, like its sensitivity to stress or its digestive physiology (de las Heras et al, 2015;Pujante et al, 2015;Pujante et al, 2017;Pujante et al, 2018).…”

Fatty Acid Content of Four Salmonid Fish Consumed by Indigenous Peoples from the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Northwestern Siberia, Russia)

“…Indeed, nutrition, in some cases, plays a more important role in driving fatty acid signatures in fish [30,31]. However, in most cases, it is a combination of both nutrition and temperature that has the greatest influence on the fatty acid composition in fish [32,33].…”