Over the past decade, the increasingly
globalized society has continually
redefined the qualities and skills of an ideal engineering graduate
for industry and academic careers, and, more recently, in light of
a global pandemic in 2020, the pedagogical environment has shifted
toward a virtual classroom setting. Because the engineering and social
challenges of the modern world are rapidly evolving, it is important
to adapt teaching methods that reflect these changing times. An increasingly
attractive teaching method in the engineering classroom is project-based
learning (PBL), which is known to improve engaged-learning outcomes,
such as creativity, risk taking, social responsibility, teamwork,
self-confidence, and communication. However, it is still unclear how
various PBL practices differentially impact these engaged-learning
outcomes. Toward the goal of elucidating this, the impact of two different
project formats, a virtual presentation versus an in-person presentation,
was evaluated for a junior-level chemical engineering core course,
Mass and Heat Transfer, over 2 years (248 students total). In surveys
conducted after the projects were completed, students were asked to
what degree the project improved each of the learning outcomes on
a scale of 0 (no impact) to 10 (great impact). Data from these postproject
surveys showed no statistically significant differences in impact
on teamwork, self-confidence, and communication skills between the
two groups. However, the virtual presentation had statistically significant
greater positive impacts on student creativity [mean score: 8.9/10
(virtual) vs 7.7/10 (in-person); p < 0.001] and
risk taking [mean score: 7.7/10 (virtual) vs 6.1/10 (in-person); p < 0.001], whereas the in-person presentation had a
significantly more positive impact on social responsibility [mean
score: 6.5/10 (in-person) vs 5.5/10 (virtual); p <
0.05]. Qualitative insights into these results were gathered from
discussions with students in focus groups. The results of this study
underscore the unique advantages associated with different presentation
formats. From the perspective of the current transitions to online
learning, the results suggest that changing project deliverables from
an in-person to a virtual format may actually yield net gains in engaged-learning
outcomes.