“…Evidence indicates that church attendance, academic achievement, student belonging and other factors related to student flourishing are correlated (Astin et al, 2010; Dougherty et al, 2021). As a result, if a gap in church attendance were to exist, it may indicate why students of color are less likely to be retained at an institution, less likely to graduate, and report lower levels of belonging (Hansen, 2017; Paredes-Collins 2009, 2013, 2014; Paredes-Collins and Collins, 2011; Smith, 2010; Yancey, 2010). Similarly, students of color attending these institutions are more likely to report a negative sense of belonging compared to their white peers (Hansen, 2017; Paredes-Collins 2009, 2013, 2014; Paredes-Collins and Collins, 2011)—a factor that could be partially explained by or exacerbated by their lower church attendance.…”