Cultivating the Macroalgal Holobiont: Effects of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture on the Microbiome of Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta)

Califano, Gianmaria; Kwantes, Michiel; Abreu, Maria Helena; Costa, Rodrigo; Wichard, Thomas

doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00052

Cited by 79 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…Even though most studies on European Ulva aquaculture are focusing on tank-or pond-based cultivation approaches, e.g., [24,42,53], our study confirms that a sustainable large-scale cultivation of U. fenestrata is benefited by sea-based rope cultivation. Whereas on-shore cultivation of Ulva spp.…”

Section: Biomass Yield Growth and Performancesupporting

confidence: 71%

“…To date, cultivation of Ulva spp. in Europe has mainly been limited to coastal nearshore areas (cages, nets) and on-shore tanks, basins or (paddle wheel) pond-based (inand outdoor) cultivation methods [17,24,41,42]. Land-based cultivation systems are especially challenged by their dependence on the massive intake of seawater [43,44] and the distinctive fixed and variable costs for construction, operation and maintenance [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Large-Scale Aquaculture of the Northern Hemisphere Sea Lettuce, Ulva fenestrata, in an Off-Shore Seafarm

Steinhagen

Enge

Larsson

et al. 2021

JMSE

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The growing world population demands an increase in sustainable resources for biorefining. The opening of new farm grounds and the cultivation of extractive species, such as marine seaweeds, increases worldwide, aiming to provide renewable biomass for food and non-food applications. The potential for European large-scale open ocean farming of the commercial green seaweed crop Ulva is not yet fully realized. Here we conducted manipulative cultivation experiments in order to investigate the effects of hatchery temperature (10 and 15 °C), nutrient addition (PES and 3xPES) and swarmer density (500 and 10,000 swarmers ml−1) on the biomass yield and biochemical composition (fatty acid, protein, carbohydrate, pigment and phenolic content) of off-shore cultivated Ulva fenestrata in a Swedish seafarm. High seedling densities were optimal for the growth of this northern hemisphere crop strain and significantly increased the mean biomass yield by ~84% compared to low seedling densities. Variations of nutrients or changes in temperature levels during the hatchery phase were not necessary to increase the subsequent growth in an open-water seafarm, however effects of the factors on the thallus habitus (thallus length/width) were observed. We found no significant effect of the environmental factors applied in the hatchery on the total fatty acid or crude protein content in the off-shore cultivated Ulva. However, low seedling density and low temperature increased the total carbohydrate content and furthermore, high temperature in combination with high nutrient levels decreased the pigment content (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids). Low temperature in combination with high nutrient levels increased the phenolic content. Our study confirms the successful and sustainable potential for large-scale off-shore cultivation of the Scandinavian crop U. fenestrata. We conclude that high seedling density in the hatchery is most important for increasing the total biomass yield of sea-farmed U. fenestrata, and that changing temperature or addition of nutrients overall does not have a large effect on the biochemical composition. To summarize, our study contributes novel insights into the large-scale off-shore cultivation potential of northern hemisphere U. fenestrata and underpins suitable pre-treatments during the hatchery phase of seedlings to facilitate a successful and cost-efficient large-scale rope cultivation.

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Section: Biomass Yield Growth and Performancesupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Large-Scale Aquaculture of the Northern Hemisphere Sea Lettuce, Ulva fenestrata, in an Off-Shore Seafarm

Steinhagen

Enge

Larsson

et al. 2021

JMSE

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“…2017, Califano et al. 2020). We detected the presence of six foliose species among the 110 sampled individuals: Ulva rigida , U .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Foliose Ulva Species Show Considerable Inter‐Specific Genetic Diversity, Low Intra‐Specific Genetic Variation, and the Rare Occurrence of Inter‐Specific Hybrids in the Wild

Fort

McHale

Cascella

et al. 2020

Journal of Phycology

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Foliose Ulva spp. have become increasingly important worldwide for their environmental and financial impacts. A large number of such Ulva species have rapid reproduction and proliferation habits, which explains why they are responsible for Ulva blooms, known as “green tides”, having dramatic negative effects on coastal ecosystems, but also making them attractive for aquaculture applications. Despite the increasing interest in the genus Ulva, particularly on the larger foliose species for aquaculture, their inter‐ and intra‐specific genetic diversity is still poorly described. We compared the cytoplasmic genome (chloroplast and mitochondrion) of 110 strains of large distromatic foliose Ulva from Ireland, Brittany (France), the Netherlands and Portugal. We found six different species, with high levels of inter‐specific genetic diversity, despite highly similar or overlapping morphologies. Genetic variation was as high as 82 SNPs/kb between Ulva pseudorotundata and U. laetevirens, indicating considerable genetic diversity. On the other hand, intra‐specific genetic diversity was relatively low, with only 36 variant sites (0.03 SNPs/kb) in the mitochondrial genome of the 29 Ulva rigida individuals found in this study, despite different geographical origins. The use of next‐generation sequencing allowed for the detection of a single inter‐species hybrid between two genetically closely related species, U. laetevirens, and U. rigida, among the 110 strains analyzed in this study. Altogether, this study represents an important advance in our understanding of Ulva biology and provides genetic information for genomic selection of large foliose strains in aquaculture.

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“…The algal host might play an active role in the arrangement of bacterial communities, as shown for DMSP, which act as chemoattractant guiding bacteria toward released photosynthates (Kessler et al, 2018). Interestingly, the diversity and taxonomic composition of epiphytic microbial communities on the thallus of wild and aquaculture-grown U. rigida were significantly different from those in the surrounding seawater, indicating that Ulva modifies the environment to its preferences (Califano et al, 2020).…”

Section: Chemically-mediated Bacterial-macroalgal Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome-Dependent Adaptation of Seaweeds Under Environmental Stresses: A Perspective

2020

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The microbiome of macroalgae facilitates their adaptation to environmental stress. As bacteria release algal growth and morphogenesis promoting factors (AGMPFs), which are necessary for the healthy development of macroalgae, bacteria play a crucial role in stress adaptation of bacterial-algal interactions. To better understand the level of macroalgal dependence on the microbiome under various stress factors such as light, temperature, salt, or micropollutants, we propose a reductionist analysis of a tripartite model system consisting of the axenic green alga Ulva (Chlorophyta) re-infected with two essential bacteria. This analysis will allow us to decipher the stress response of each symbiont within this cross-kingdom interaction. The paper highlights studies on possible survival strategies embedded in cross-kingdom interactions that govern the stress adaptation, including general features of metabolic pathways in the macroalgal host or more specific features such as alterations in the composition and/or diversity of bacterial assemblages within the microbiome community. Additionally, we present some preliminary results regarding the effect of recently isolated bacteria from the Potter Cove, King George Island (Isla 25 de Mayo) in Antarctica, on the model system Ulva mutabilis Føyn purified gametes. The results indicate that cold-adapted bacteria release AGMPFs, inducing cell differentiation, and cell division in purified cultures. We propose that microbiome engineering can be used to increase the adaptability of macroalgae to stressful situations with implications for, e.g., the sustainable management of (land-based) aquaculture systems.

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Cultivating the Macroalgal Holobiont: Effects of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture on the Microbiome of Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta)

Cited by 79 publications

References 106 publications

Sustainable Large-Scale Aquaculture of the Northern Hemisphere Sea Lettuce, Ulva fenestrata, in an Off-Shore Seafarm

Sustainable Large-Scale Aquaculture of the Northern Hemisphere Sea Lettuce, Ulva fenestrata, in an Off-Shore Seafarm

Foliose Ulva Species Show Considerable Inter‐Specific Genetic Diversity, Low Intra‐Specific Genetic Variation, and the Rare Occurrence of Inter‐Specific Hybrids in the Wild

Microbiome-Dependent Adaptation of Seaweeds Under Environmental Stresses: A Perspective

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