Cultivation and Biorefinery of Microalgae (Chlorella sp.) for Producing Biofuels and Other Byproducts: A Review

Kuo, Chiu-Mei; Sun, Yue; Lin, Cheng‐Han; Wu, Hsi-Tien

doi:10.3390/su132313480

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 213 publications

(223 reference statements)

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“…The development of systems based on adaptive control algorithms is required because to the increasing quality control requirements for the chlorella cultivation process [7,8]. The following issues are resolved by the suggested method for implementing a set of control algorithms in the chlorella cultivation process:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of mathematical models and algorithms in task control of the microalgae cultivation processes

2023

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This article considers the implementation of mathematical models and algorithms in the problems of controlling the process of chlorella cultivation. When building a control system, the following tasks are solved: collecting and primary processing of information, predicting the course of technological processes, optimizing regime parameters, managing a technological process, etc. One of the necessary conditions for the optimal conduct of the process of cultivating microorganisms is automatic control of the quality and composition of nutrients at the inlet, as well as control of the output indicators of the process. The frequency of solving control problems is set depending on the technological features, the control object, the mode of introducing the process, and also on the availability of a complex of technical means. As a result of the implementation of the proposed control system, the maximum ratio of the concentration of chlorella from its average value decreased by 23.8%. Thus, the control system for the cultivation of chlorella provides timely forecasting of the course of the technological process and the formation of control actions using a computing device, which contributes to an increase in the productivity of the cultivator by 8-12%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of mathematical models and algorithms in task control of the microalgae cultivation processes

2023

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“…Many studies have demonstrated that lutein can resist the damage of blue-light irradiation [34,75,76]. The raw materials of the lutein used are mainly extracted from plants [77,78] or produced in synthetic media by microorganisms [79,80] and microalgae [6,81]. In this study, the lutein produced by a biomass of Chlorella sp.…”

Section: Damage Of Nih/3t3 Cells From Blue-light Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Firstly, the NIH/3T3 cells were irradiated with blue light for different exposure times to investigate the relationship between the ROS content in the cells and the cell viability resulting from blue-light irradiation. The cell viability effect of blue light under different exposure times (3,6,12,18, and 24 h) on NIH/3T3 cells is shown in Figure 5. Lower viability of NIH/3T3 cells concurred with a longer period of blue-light irradiation.…”

Section: Damage Of Nih/3t3 Cells From Blue-light Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Circular bioeconomy of microalgae-based CO 2 biofixation and biorefinery can be analyzed through technical-economic assessment (TEA) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) [4][5][6]. However, one of the bottlenecks faced by microalgae-based CO 2 biofixation technology is the high cost of microalgal culture medium; the components in the culture medium are among the key factors that greatly affect the growth of microalgae and the production of various components [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Low-Cost Fertilizer Medium Supplemented with Urea for the Lutein Production of Chlorella sp. and the Ability of the Lutein to Protect Cells against Blue Light Irradiation

et al. 2023

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This study aimed to investigate the use of organic fertilizers instead of modified f/2 medium for Chlorella sp. cultivation, and the extracted lutein of the microalga to protect mammal cells against blue-light irradiation. The biomass productivity and lutein content of Chlorella sp. cultured in 20 g/L fertilizer medium for 6 days were 1.04 g/L/d and 4.41 mg/g, respectively. These values are approximately 1.3- and 1.4-fold higher than those achieved with the modified f/2 medium, respectively. The cost of medium per gram of microalgal biomass reduced by about 97%. The microalgal lutein content was further increased to 6.03 mg/g in 20 g/L fertilizer medium when supplemented with 20 mM urea, and the cost of medium per gram lutein reduced by about 96%. When doses of ≥1 μM microalgal lutein were used to protect mammal NIH/3T3 cells, there was a significant reduction in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the cells in the following blue-light irradiation treatments. The results show that microalgal lutein produced by fertilizers with urea supplements has the potential to develop anti-blue-light oxidation products and reduce the economic challenges of microalgal biomass applied to carbon biofixation and biofuel production.

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“…Several real-world examples highlight the success of Chlorella-based dairy wastewater treatment and livestock feed production [28][29][30][31]. By reducing nutrient pollution, providing highquality nutrition for livestock, and contributing to the circular economy, this approach aligns with the principles of sustainable agriculture and resource conservation [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Chlorella species to Remove Nutrients from Dairy Wastewater to Produce Livestock Feed

Luzzi,

Gardner,

Heins

2024

Sustainability

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The goal of the study was to utilize Chlorella sp. to recycle nutrients from a dairy wastewater lagoon producing microalgae biomass for dairy cattle. Chlorella sp. was cultured in mixotrophic conditions with various ratios of raw dairy wastewater with a lab-scale (1.25 L) environment and a pilot-scale (70 L) environment. The influence of extra CO2, pH, temperature, solar radiation, and photosynthetic active radiation were tested for cell growth, biomass productivity and nutrient (ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate) removal from wastewater. The objective of this study was to determine the alternative ratios (control, 1:10, 1:20, 1:30, or 1:40) of dairy wastewater, where Chlorella sp. biomass could be produced to remove nutrients. Additionally, the study evaluated the addition of CO2 into the cultivation system to increase biomass yield. During the first experiment, the lab-scale and pilot-scale experiments showed similar biomass growth after seven days of growth. The control had the highest biomass, followed by 1:10. For the pilot-scale experiment, the treatments (control, controlN, 1:10, 1:10 N, 1:30, and 1:30 N) were different from each other for nutrient removal rates and biomass production. The bioreactors designed for this study may be used on farms to recycle dairy wastewater and produce enriched biomass for use to feed livestock.

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Cultivation and Biorefinery of Microalgae (Chlorella sp.) for Producing Biofuels and Other Byproducts: A Review

Cited by 22 publications

References 213 publications

Implementation of mathematical models and algorithms in task control of the microalgae cultivation processes

Implementation of mathematical models and algorithms in task control of the microalgae cultivation processes

A Low-Cost Fertilizer Medium Supplemented with Urea for the Lutein Production of Chlorella sp. and the Ability of the Lutein to Protect Cells against Blue Light Irradiation

The Use of Chlorella species to Remove Nutrients from Dairy Wastewater to Produce Livestock Feed

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