Cultivation and Isolation of Mouth Spirochetes

Wichelhausen, Otto W.; Wichelhausen, Ruth H.

doi:10.1177/00220345420210060801

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Gates also reported that subculture from surface colonies was not always successful. Other reports citing similar results are those of Fortner (1929), Aksjanzew-Malkin (1933), Wichelhausen and Wichelhausen (1942), and Berger (1958). Socransky, Macdonald, and Sawyer (1959) consistently obtained growth of oral treponemes as surface colonies only in cultures that were inoculated and incubated under strict anaerobic conditions but not in cultures inoculated at the bench under the normal atmospheric environment.…”

supporting

confidence: 60%

Five surface colony types observed in cultures of cultivable members of the family Treponemataceae.

Hanson¹,

Cannefax²

1965

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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supporting

confidence: 60%

Five surface colony types observed in cultures of cultivable members of the family Treponemataceae.

Hanson¹,

Cannefax²

1965

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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“…Knowing the area of the microscopic field and the average number of organisms per field (20 to 50 fields counted), the number of organisms in the culture could be determined with a reproducibility of 20 per cent. To determine the number of viable organisms surviving after incubation with penicillin, advantage was taken of the fact that these spirochetes grow out as discrete colonies in a solid or semisolid medium (7). The material in the experimental tube was subcultured by making serial tenfold dilutions in serum-thioglycollate medium containing 0.125 instead of 0.05 per cent agar.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spirocheticidal Action of Penicillin in Vitro and Its Temperature Coefficient

Eagle

Musselman

1944

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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I n view of the demonstrated efficacy of penicillin in the treatment of syphilis (1) and relapsing fever (2), it becomes of interest to determine whether this therapeutic effect requires the necessary intervention of body cells, or whether it is due to a direct spirocheticidal action. With other organisms, both an inhibitory, bacteriostatic effect (3) and an actual bactericidal action (4) have been described. Methods and MaterialsThe pathogenic Spirockaeta pallida has unfortunately not been cultivated on artifical media. We have therefore had recourse to cultured strains which are available which purport to be S. pallida, but which are non-pathogenic and differ morphologically from that organism.Unless otherwise indicated, the experiments here described were carried out with the so called Reiter strain of S. pallida (5). This grows luxuriantly in Brewer's thiogiycollate medium (6), enriched with one-tenth volume of heated rabbit serum; and all the experiments of the present paper were carried out in that medium.Forty-eight hour cultures, in which the organisms are in an active growth phase, provided the inoculum, added simultaneously with penicillin to fresh medium. The size of that inoculum was determined by direct microscopic count, using a measure drop (0.02 cc.) under a coverslip of known area. Knowing the area of the microscopic field and the average number of organisms per field (20 to 50 fields counted), the number of organisms in the culture could be determined with a reproducibility of 20 per cent. To determine the number of viable organisms surviving after incubation with penicillin, advantage was taken of the fact that these spirochetes grow out as discrete colonies in a solid or semisolid medium (7). The material in the experimental tube was subcultured by making serial tenfold dilutions in serum-thioglycollate medium containing 0.125 instead of 0.05 per cent agar. Thiswas sufficiently fluid to per-*nit shaking and pipetting, and viscous enough to permit colony formation. From 25 to 35 per cent of untreated organisms grew out as discrete colonies; and in each experiment the number of organisms surviving the action of penicillin was referred to the number recovered from subcultures made at the beginning of the experiment, to give the percentage of survivors.Throughout this paper, the concentration of penicillin is expressed as Oxford units per cubic centimeter. E X P E R I M E N T A L Spirocketicidal Action of PenicillinOur first experiments (cf. Table I) strongly suggested that penicillin only temporarily inhibited the growth of the Reiter strain of S. pallida. With a * The work described in this paper was performed with penicillin supplied by the Office of Scientific Research and Development. 493 on

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“…Migration of the organisms through the filter results in subsurface growth in the agar in pure colonies (Wichelhausen and Wichelhausen, 1942;Loesche and Socransky, 1962;Smibert, 1971;Smibert, 1973b;Saheb and Richer-Massicotte, 1972;Todd et al, 1970;Hunter and Ross, 1972). 1964 , Shotts, 1975, neomycin, sulfathiazole, and cycloheximide (Shotts, 1976) have been added to the media singly or in combinations to aid in isolation when specimens were grossly contaminated.…”

Section: Isolation Of Spirochetes Treponemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various methods of isolation have been reported: centrifugation (Ecker and Weed, 1931;Thomas et al, 1971), dilution (Kast and Kolmer, 1940;Kinyon, 1974), electrophoresis (Schmale et al, 1970), washing of treponeme-containing particles, growth through Reichel or Berkefeld N candles (Ecker and Weed, 1931), and passage of treponeme-containing material through filters (Wichelhausen and Wichelhausen, 1942;Chandler and Clark, 1970;Taylor, 1972;Harris et al, 1972b;Harris, 1974;Kinyon, 1974;Hunter and Ross, 1972;Todd et al, 1971). …”

Section: Isolation Of Spirochetes Treponemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of swine dysentery: development and evaluation of cultural and serological methods for the detection of Treponema hyodysenteriae infection

Songer

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INFORMATION TO USERSThis material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted.The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, itis an indication that the photographer suqiected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame.3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed ths photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again -beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction couid be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. The earliest report in the literature of swine dysentery was in 1921 PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms Internationalby Whiting et al. Other workers (Whiting, 1924;Murray et al., 1927;Whiting, 1928; Biester et al. 1935; Hofferd, 1935;Gray, 1939;Koen, 1939;Doyle, 1939;Bryant, 1939;Wilson, 1940;Truax, 1941;Murphy, 1941;Wilson, 1943) concurred with the findings reported in this first publica tion. Swine dysentery was described as a severe, mucohemorrhagic enter itis, occurring in all ages of weaned pigs, reproducible by feeding in fected whole colon from natural cases, and to which no specific etiologic agent could be assigned. Various etiologic agents and contributing factors were suggested: Balantidium coli (Gray, 1939;Mencheva and Sherkov, 1962), a viral agent (Agapov, 1940;Androw, 1940;Manninger et al., 1960), Clostridium perfringens toxin (Matthias, 1968), a leptospire (Bertrand, 1952) and other spirochetes (Whiting et al., 1921;Murray et al., 1927; Biester et al., 1935), and other agents (Sofrenovic et al., 1973b), but most commonly a vibrio (Whiting et al., 1921;Whiting, 1924;Whiting, 1928;Doyle» 1935;Hofferd, 1936;Bryant, 1939;Doyle, 1939;Koen, 1939;...

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Cultivation and Isolation of Mouth Spirochetes

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Five surface colony types observed in cultures of cultivable members of the family Treponemataceae.

Five surface colony types observed in cultures of cultivable members of the family Treponemataceae.

The Spirocheticidal Action of Penicillin in Vitro and Its Temperature Coefficient

Epidemiology of swine dysentery: development and evaluation of cultural and serological methods for the detection of Treponema hyodysenteriae infection

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