Cultivo >i<in vitro>/i< de cerejeira-do-Rio-Grande (>i<Eugenia involucrata>/i< DC.) e de cambucizeiro (>i<Campomanesia phaea>/i< (O. Berg) Landrum)

Abstract

In vitro cultivation of cerejeira-do-Rio-Grande (Eugenia involucrata DC.) and cambucizeiro (Campomanesia phaea (O. Berg) Landrum) Brazilian biodiversity is one of the richest in the world with different biomes that comprise its flora and fruit species with great commercial exploitation value. The Atlantic Forest, the third-largest biome in the country, is considered a global hotspot for conservation and biological diversity, with numerous native fruits, including species of the Myrtaceae family, such as the cerejeira-do-Rio-Grande (Eugenia involucrata DC.) and the cambucizeiro (Campomanesia phaea (O. Berg) Landrum). These species have great potential for commercial use, in addition to being extremely important for reforestation and urban afforestation. The cerejeira-do-Rio-Grande and cambucizeiro fruits have high nutritional value, being commercialized fresh or processed, contributing to the diversification of production of Brazilian fruit growers. The commercial multiplication of these fruit trees is carried out through the seminal route and is hampered due to the low storage potential of the seeds. Conventional methods of asexual multiplication in both fruit trees are inefficient, and scientific studies willing to optimize them are scarce. Micropropagation, multiplication of plants through in vitro culture techniques, is an alternative method for large-scale production of commercial seedlings of these fruit trees. Therefore, this work aimed to establish protocols of germination and in vitro multiplication of cerejeira-do-Rio-Grande using nodal explants from seedlings germinated in aseptic conditions and to evaluate the different processes and culture medium components for the establishment and multiplication of nodal and leaf explants of cerejeira-do-Rio-Grande and cambucizeiro, originated from plants grown in the greenhouse. The best conditions for seed germination and seedling development of cerejeira-do-Rio-Grande are when they are cultivated in an MS medium supplemented with 15 g L -1 of sucrose, removing the tegument and cultivating in the dark; for in shoot induction and development, the use of 2.5 mg L -1 of 6benzylaminopurine (BAP) and JADS culture medium is recommended; in the subculture, the best results were obtained when adding 1.0 to 2.5 mg L -1 of BAP; finally, it is possible to obtain high rates of rooting of shoots when using WPM, ½ WPM, ¼ WPM, and JADS culture media without any growth regulators. The seedling acclimatization is achieved by using a commercial potting mix (based on pine bark, peat, and vermiculite) mixed with vermiculite in a 1:1 ratio. For the in vitro culture of cerejeira-do-Rio-Grande, explants from plants kept in the greenhouse, the lowest contamination rate, oxidation, and greater survival rate of nodal explants, the collection must be carried out in the autumn, performing the asepsis with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) containing 1.25% of active chloride. The addition of 1.0 mg L -1 of BAP in the presence of 0.1 mg L -1 of ANA (naphthalene acetic acid) and 2.5 mg L -1 of BAP e...

Organogénesis directa e indirecta a partir de segmentos nodales, hojas y raíces de Eugenia involucrata DC

“…La propagación in vitro de E. involucrata fue documentada vía micropropagación de segmentos nodales obtenidos de plantines germinados in vitro o de plantas cultivadas a campo o invernáculo (Golle et al, 2017;Kubiszen et al, 2021;Oliveira Junior, 2021;Stefanel et al, 2021). Oliveira Junior (2021), observó diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el porcentaje de inducción y formación de brotes, en segmentos nodales provenientes, tanto de plántulas de E. involucrata germinadas in vitro, o de plantines de vivero comercial de dos años y cultivados en medio nutritivo MS suplementado con diferentes concentraciones de BAP.…”

“…pertenece a la familia de las mirtáceas, distribuidas naturalmente en la Mata Atlántica (SE de Brasil), noreste de Argentina, y este de Paraguay (selva paranaense) y norte de Uruguay (Lorenzi, 2016). Es una especie arbórea, que ha llamado la atención en los últimos años como un valioso recurso fitogenético por sus frutos carnosos y comestibles aptos para su consumo fresco, preparación de dulces, licores, vinagres, aportando así, a una necesaria diversificación productiva y nuevas fuentes alimentos de alta calidad nutricional (Oliveira Junior, 2021). También es de uso maderable y valor ecológico como especie dispersada por animales, polinización por insectos, apropiada para contribuir en forma natural en la recuperación de áreas degradadas, facilitando y aumentando la presencia de polinizadores en el monte (Lorenzi, 2002;Carvalho, 2008;Silveira Reiniger et al, 2022).…”

“…Su éxito depende entre otros factores, del tipo de explante y medios de cultivo que contengan una combinación óptima de reguladores de crecimiento vegetal (RCV), y ha sido reportado con éxito, en diferentes especies de plantas leñosas (Canhoto & Gruz, 2000;Niella & Rocha, 2001;Singh et al, 2002;Malá et al, 2006;Sahai et al, 2010;Pérez Jimenez et al, 2014;Gentile et al, 2021). Particularmente en E. involucrata, la propagación in vitro se ha centrado en la multiplicación vía axilar utilizando segmentos nodales (Thalmayr et al, 2016;Golle et al, 2017;Stefanel et al, 2020;Kubiszen et al, 2021), y el efecto de distintas combinaciones de RCV en callogénesis y rizogénesis a partir de segmentos de hoja con resultados dispares, que indican, la necesidad de continuar investigando y generar el conocimiento necesario que resulte en un protocolo efectivo de propagación in vitro de la especie (Golle et al, 2020a;Oliveira Junior, 2021).…”