Culturable Gut Microbiota Diversity in Zebrafish

Cantas, Leon; Sørby, Jan Roger Torp; Aleström, Peter; Sørum, Henning

doi:10.1089/zeb.2011.0712

Cited by 98 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…As evidenced by our discussion above, microbial organisms harboring these genes are present naturally in all kinds of environments, but also released into water and soil from organisms, including humans, where they evolve or increase in abundance under direct selection from exposure to antimicrobials. At the same time, antimicrobials (often at low concentrations), disinfectants, and heavy metals are disseminated into the water as well, and may act as selective factors fostering the evolution of new AMR features (Cantas et al, 2012a,b,c; Cantas et al, unpublished). The rate of degradation of antimicrobials in the environment varies and is dependent on a range of environmental conditions, for example: temperature, available oxygen, pH, presence of alternative sources of organic and inorganic discharges as described in Table 2.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistance In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E. coli and S. aureus isolates were found to have significantly lower rates of AMR in organically raised cattle (Sato et al, 2005). More studies are needed (1) to determine the reasons of antimicrobial usage in the farms by veterinarians, (2) to compare and update the recommended treatment protocols for veterinarians throughout different countries, (3) to evaluate the impact of other factors other than AMR development in bacteria: e.g., immune response-stress has been indicated to correlate with resistance genetic element shuffling among gut microbiota in different animal models, such as: atlantic salmon, zebrafish, neonatal piglets, and cats (Cantas et al, 2011, 2012a,b,c, 2013). Animal welfare parameters under intensive production such as stress should be investigated in future studies with regards to control of resistance development in animal husbandry.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistance In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A brief multi-disciplinary review on antimicrobial resistance in medicine and its linkage to the global environmental microbiota

Cantas¹,

Shah²,

Cavaco³

et al. 2013

Front. Microbiol.

302

211

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The discovery and introduction of antimicrobial agents to clinical medicine was one of the greatest medical triumphs of the 20th century that revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the gradual emergence of populations of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria resulting from use, misuse, and abuse of antimicrobials has today become a major global health concern. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes have been suggested to originate from environmental bacteria, as clinically relevant resistance genes have been detected on the chromosome of environmental bacteria. As only a few new antimicrobials have been developed in the last decade, the further evolution of resistance poses a serious threat to public health. Urgent measures are required not only to minimize the use of antimicrobials for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes but also to look for alternative strategies for the control of bacterial infections. This review examines the global picture of antimicrobial resistance, factors that favor its spread, strategies, and limitations for its control and the need for continuous training of all stake-holders i.e., medical, veterinary, public health, and other relevant professionals as well as human consumers, in the appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs.

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Section: Antimicrobial Resistance In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antimicrobial Resistance In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief multi-disciplinary review on antimicrobial resistance in medicine and its linkage to the global environmental microbiota

Cantas¹,

Shah²,

Cavaco³

et al. 2013

Front. Microbiol.

302

211

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Only about 1% of all gut bacteria in fish can be cultured, including Enterobacteriaceae , Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp. and Bacillus spp., which severely limited early assessments of fish intestinal microbiota (Merrifield et al, 2009), with a limited number of species cultivated from zebrafish (Cantas et al, 2012) and trout (Skrodenyté-Arbačiauskiené et al, 2008). In Atlantic salmon limited species richness was found by TTGE (Navarrete et al, 2009a) and DGGE (Reveco et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and physiological factors shape the gut microbiota of Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar L.)

2017

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Gut microbes are key players in host immune system priming, protection and development, as well as providing nutrients to the host that would be otherwise unavailable. Due to this importance, studies investigating the link between host and microbe are being initiated in farmed fish. The establishment, maintenance and subsequent changes of the intestinal microbiota are central to define fish physiology and nutrition in the future. In fish, unlike mammals, acquiring intestinal microbes is believed to occur around the time of first feeding mainly from the water surrounding them and their microbial composition over time is shaped therefore by their habitat.Here we compare the distal intestine microbiota of Atlantic salmon parr reared in a recirculating laboratory aquarium with that of age matched parr maintained in cage culture in an open freshwater loch environment of a commercial fish farm to establish the microbial profiles in the gut at the freshwater stage and investigate if there is a stable subset of bacteria present regardless of habitat type. We used deep sequencing across two variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, with a mean read depth of 180,144 ± 12,096 raw sequences per sample. All individual fish used in this study had a minimum of 30,000 quality controlled reads, corresponding to an average of 342 ± 19 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) per sample, which predominantly mapped to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Tenericutes.The results indicate that species richness is comparable between both treatment groups, however, significant differences were found in the compositions of the gut microbiota between the rearing groups. Furthermore, a core microbiota of 19 OTUs was identified, shared by all samples regardless of treatment group, mainly consisting of members of the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Core microbiotas of the individual rearing groups were determined (aquarium fish: 19 + 4 (total 23) OTUs, loch fish: 19 + 13 (total 32) OTUs), indicating that microbe acquisition or loss is occurring differently in the two habitats, but also that selective forces are acting within the host, offering niches to specific bacterial taxa.The new information gathered in this study by the Illumina MiSeq approach will be useful to understand and define the gut microbiota of healthy Atlantic salmon in freshwater and expand on previous studies using DGGE, TGGE and T-RFPL. Monitoring deviations from these profiles, especially the core microbes which are present regardless of habitat type, might be used in the future as early indicator for intestinal health issues caused by sub optimal feed or infectious diseases in the farm setting.Statement of relevanceThe Microbiome is central to gut health, local immune function and nutrient up take. We have used deep sequencing approach to show differences in rearing conditions of Atlantic salmon. This work is of interest to aquaculture nutritionists.

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“…can be pathogenic to their fish hosts, causing exophthalmia and septicaemia-like symptoms in fish that have been infected (Shah and Tyagy, 1986), although they have also been reported from fish in the absence of disease (Spangaard et al, 2000; Cantas et al, 2012). S. warneri includes several strains reported as pathogenic to humans (Campoccia et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus warneri, a resident skin commensal of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with pathobiont characteristics

Musharrafieh

Tacchi

Trujeque

et al. 2014

Veterinary Microbiology

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Commensal microorganisms live in association with the mucosal surfaces of all vertebrates. The skin of teleost fish is known to harbor commensals. In this study we report for the first time the presence of an intracellular Gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus warneri that resides in the skin epidermis of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). S. warneri was isolated from healthy hatchery trout skin epithelial cells. In situ hybridization confirmed the intracellular nature of the bacterium. Skin explants exposed in vitro to S. warneri or the extracellular pathogen Vibrio anguillarum show that S. warneri is able to induce an anti-inflammatory cytokine status via TGF-β 1b compared to the pro-inflammatory responses (IL-1β , IL-6 and TNF-α) elicited by V. anguillarum. In vivo experiments showed that S. warneri is not pathogenic to rainbow trout when injected intraperitoneally at high concentrations. However, S. warneri is able to stimulate V. anguillarum growth and biofilm formation on rainbow trout scales. Our results demonstrate that rainbow trout skin commensals such as S. warneri have the potential to become indirect pathobionts by enhancing growth and biofilm formation of pathogens such as V. anguillarum. These results show that fish farming practices (i.e. handling and other manipulations) can alter the skin microbiota and compromise the skin health of rainbow trout.

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Culturable Gut Microbiota Diversity in Zebrafish

Cited by 98 publications

References 64 publications

A brief multi-disciplinary review on antimicrobial resistance in medicine and its linkage to the global environmental microbiota

A brief multi-disciplinary review on antimicrobial resistance in medicine and its linkage to the global environmental microbiota

Environmental and physiological factors shape the gut microbiota of Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar L.)

Staphylococcus warneri, a resident skin commensal of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with pathobiont characteristics

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