Cultural and Chemical Control of Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea)

Abstract

<jats:p>Ground ivy is a common broadleaf weed that disrupts turf uniformity and is difficult to control. The objective of this field research was to evaluate cultural and chemical control of ground ivy. Increasing annual nitrogen fertilizer applications from 0 to 196 and 293 kg·ha<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> reduced ground ivy cover by 24% and 32%, respectively. At 26 weeks after treatment, 1.1 kg·ha<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> isoxaben applied in May limited ground ivy spread by 34% compared to the control. Triclopyr, 2,4-D, or fluroxypyr applied at the highest-labeled rate in October provided superior ground ivy control by the following May. Combining an annual fertility program of 196 kg·ha<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> nitrogen and an application of 1.1 kg·ha<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> isoxaben with or after an application of 2,4-D, fluroxypyr, or triclopyr in the fall can maximize ground ivy control. Chemical names used: <jats:italic>N</jats:italic>-[3-(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl)-5-isoxazolyl]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamide (isoxaben); [(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid (triclopyr); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); [(4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-pyridyl)oxy]acetic acid (fluroxypyr).</jats:p>

Herbicide Selection and Application Timing in the Fall Affects Control of Ground Ivy

“…3). This is consistent with our previous work showing triclopyr to be highly effective on ground ivy (5). Adding isoxaben to triclopyr never decreased control from triclopyr, and combining it with triclopyr improved June control in five out of the six November applications in this study.…”

“…Adding isoxaben to triclopyr never decreased control from triclopyr, and combining it with triclopyr improved June control in five out of the six November applications in this study. This is also consistent with our earlier work where isoxaben reduced spread of ground ivy and resulted in ground ivy roots that were short, stubby, black, and did not penetrate the soil (5). Fluroxypyr provided ≤ 10% cover from all application dates in 2003 and 2004, and from applications on 1 October, 15 October, and 1 November in 2005 (Fig.…”

“…The improvement in control in the November applications with carfentrazone was expected since carfentrazone is a fast‐acting contact herbicide (14). The low apparent activity of the rest of the herbicides applied in November was also expected with the cooler temperatures in late fall, and is consistent with others reporting control from late fall applications did not become apparent until the following spring (3,5).…”

“…However, 2,4‐D+MCPP+dicamba with and without carfentrazone reduced cover to only 19% and 17%, respectively (Table 3). Kohler et al (5) indicated that 2,4‐D was highly effective on ground ivy in spite of other contrary reports in other states (9,12). However, biotypes of ground ivy exist with varying susceptibility to 2,4‐D (6) and populations with low sensitivity to 2,4‐D may be present in these plots.…”

“…al (5) reported the preemergence herbicide isoxaben reduced spread of ground ivy stolons up to 80%, suggesting that isoxaben combined with an effective postemergence herbicide may improve control over that expected from the postemergence herbicide alone. Kohler also found that 2,4‐D, triclopyr, or fluroxypyr applied once in mid‐October at their high label rates were the most effective among ten different herbicide combinations used (5). However, control rarely exceeded 80% by even the most effective treatments in that study, and control from individual herbicides varied among years of the two‐year study.…”