guest editorIn this introduction, Guest Editor Johanna Seibt examines the importance of identity for the process of conflict transformation, while giving an overview of key concepts and the pieces that make up this special colloquy edition of Conflict Resolution Quarterly.M any recent large-scale conflicts have been triggered by clashes of social or collective "identities," especially by differences in so-called ethnic, cultural, and religious identities. "Identity-based" conflicts contrast to some extent with interest-based conflicts. Identity-based conflicts are not always directly connected to issues of the distribution of wealth and power. Rather, their defining trait is that they depend in all their phases, from onset to escalation to dispersion or resolution, on the dynamics of the identities of the parties involved. Similarly, while interest-based conflicts can be resolved in the proper sense of the term by means of negotiations of access and distribution, identity-based conflicts typically are mitigated or dispersed rather than resolved and require different means of deescalation beyond negotiations of access and distribution, namely, in-depth and longterm interactions of the conflicting groups that include identity-transforming practices of counseling, reconciliation, and trust-building.Given that conflict research, since its inception in the cold war era, had mainly worked out theories and resolution models for interest-based conflicts at different levels of complexity, the surge of identity-based conflicts from the early 1990s onward required new theoretical tools. Strangely, however, the development of concepts and models suitable for the analysis and management of identity-based conflicts displays a striking temporal lag. As late as in the early years of this century, a number of authors observed that