Cultural Differences in Reactions to Tics and Tic Severity

Stiede, Jordan T.; Woods, Douglas W.; Anderson, Seonaid; Eapen, Valsamma; Gev, Ella; Latimer, R; Bredesen, Aud M.

doi:10.1080/07317107.2021.1940586

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Our research demonstrated acceptable internal consistency for the PTQ. However, the PTQ showed slightly lower internal consistency in this sample as compared to previous Western-based studies (0.68-0.79 in our study, vs. 0.77-0.92 in studies by Western-based studies)[6][8] [9]. Such variations may be attributable to profound cultural and contextual factors.…”

Section: Reliability Of the Ptqcontrasting

confidence: 90%

“…This cultural perspective, combined with the stigma attached to neurological or psychiatric conditions (e.g., some Chinese parents may fear negative judgments, therefore minimizing or omitting reports of certain behaviors when completing the PTQ) may in uence how tics manifest or are reported[16] [17]. Additionally, cultural perceptions of what constitutes "severity" could vary, impacting the consistency of responses on severity-related items of the PTQ [9]. Parallel to the study by Ricketts et…”

Section: Reliability Of the Ptqmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study investigated the psychometric properties of the PTQ across different countries [9]. Drawing from parent-reported data of 223 children diagnosed with Tourette's disorder (including TS and PMVD) in the United States, the United Kingdom, and a combined cohort from the Netherlands and Norway, Stiede et al [9] explored into cross-cultural patterns concerning tic severity and reactions. The psychometric ndings for the PTQ supported its stability and exibility in evaluating tic severity within these diverse regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study on the Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Parent Tic Questionnaire

Ding,

Woods,

Barber

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Introduction The Parent Tic Questionnaire (PTQ) is a tool for parents to assess their child's tic severity, but its effectiveness in non-Western contexts like China has not been thoroughly examined. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PTQ in assessing motor and vocal tic severity among Chinese children diagnosed with tic disorders. Method Parents of 268 Chinese children and adolescents aged 6–17 years, diagnosed with tic disorders, completed the PTQ. The study assessed tic severity using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and PTQ. Additionally, obsessive-compulsive symptoms were measured using the Children Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), and other behavioral problems were evaluated using the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-48). Results The PTQ showed acceptable to good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.68 for motor, 0.78 for vocal, and 0.79 for total tic scores) and good to excellent two-week test-retest reliability (intraclass correlations, ICC = 0.74 for motor, 0.81 for vocal, and 0.79 for total tic scores). It demonstrated good convergent validity with the YGTSS and effective discriminant validity from obsessive-compulsive and internalizing symptoms (i.e., anxiety and psychosomatic). Discussion The findings indicate that the Chinese version of the PTQ is a reliable and valid tool for assessing tic severity in Chinese children with tic disorders, offering significant implications for clinical assessment in diverse cultural contexts.

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Section: Reliability Of the Ptqcontrasting

confidence: 90%

Section: Reliability Of the Ptqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study on the Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Parent Tic Questionnaire

Ding,

Woods,

Barber

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Motivating factors for these behaviors include maintaining social normalcy and peer acceptance ( O'Hare et al, 2015 ; Lee et al, 2016 , 2019 ; Malli et al, 2019 ; Soós et al, 2022 ). Unfortunately, many ITS experience peer rejection ( Lee et al, 2016 , 2019 , 2020 ; Lemelson and Tucker, 2017 ; O'Hare et al, 2017 ; Malli et al, 2019 ; Rodin et al, 2021 ; Stiede et al, 2021 ; Soós et al, 2022 ; Stofleth and Parks, 2022 ), the act of being labeled by others or stigmatization ( O'Hare et al, 2015 , 2016 ; Lee et al, 2016 , 2019 , 2020 ; Wadman et al, 2016 ; Edwards et al, 2017 ; Lemelson and Tucker, 2017 ; Jackson et al, 2019 ; Malli et al, 2019 ; Charania et al, 2022 ; Iyanda, 2022 ; Malli and Forrester-Jones, 2022 ; Mataix-Cols et al, 2022 ; Soós et al, 2022 ; Stofleth and Parks, 2022 ; Vermilion et al, 2022 ), loneliness ( Lee et al, 2016 , 2019 ; O'Hare et al, 2017 ; Malli et al, 2019 ; Rodin et al, 2021 ), and internalizing the negative stereotypes or self-stigma ( Eaton et al, 2016 ; Hanks et al, 2016 ; Liu et al, 2017 ; Silvestri et al, 2017 ; Lee et al, 2019 , 2022 ; Malli et al, 2019 ; Malli and Forrester-Jones, 2022 ). These experiences can influence the persistence of moderate-to-severe tics ( Groth, 2018 ) and tic severity ( Shiu et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study protocol for measuring stigmatization in persistent tic disorders: development and validation of the Tourette discrimination-stigmatization scale

Martindale,

Ringheanu,

Pring

et al. 2024

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionPersistent Tic Disorders such as Tourette Syndrome are common neurodevelopmental disorders that are highly stigmatized. Many individuals with Persistent Tic Disorders experience peer rejection, loneliness, and self-stigma. Experiencing stigmatization during childhood can influence the persistence of moderate-to-severe tics later in life. Additionally, these factors have been associated with increased suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and psychiatric symptom severity. There is a need for interventions to reduce stigma and stigmatization in Persistent Tic Disorders. Before developing cost-effective interventions to mitigate stigma’s profound downstream health impacts, a reliable measure of stigmatization must be created. The overarching goal of this research is to develop and validate the Tourette Discrimination-Stigmatization (TD-STIGMA) Scale.MethodsThis paper presents the study protocol for developing and validating the TD-STIGMA Scale. The study is designed as a mixed methods study to develop the TD-STIGMA scale and evaluate its psychometric properties. The study uses a phased approach: (1) collection of narrative and thematic content data through in-depth qualitative interviews of stakeholders, (2) development of a novel TD-STIGMA self-report scale using the Delphi Method based on these results, and (3) completion of analyses to determine the scale’s psychometric properties (confirmatory factor analysis, convergent, known-group, criterion validity, and test–retest reliability).DiscussionThis project will result in a personalized approach to stigma measurement about youth and young adults with Persistent Tic Disorders, which to date does not exist. There are several limitations. Comorbidities or spiritual or cultural beliefs may affect perceptions of stigma and are not directly assessed in this study. We will utilize institutional resources for community outreach to purposefully sample underrepresented minorities who may be at disproportionate risk of adverse outcomes. However, this may not be fully representative of the generalized tic population. The study team will be purposeful in maintaining participant engagement for study retention. Lastly, participants from a tertiary referral center may not fully represent the generalized tic community. However, we hope our broad recruitment strategy and virtual study visits will facilitate a diverse and inclusive sampling of the patient population.

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Reframing stigma in Tourette syndrome: an updated scoping review

Pring,

Malli,

Hardy

et al. 2023

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Persistent tic disorders (PTD) such as Tourette’s syndrome (TS) are common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders. Stigmatization of individuals with these disorders remains an ongoing problem. The purpose of this scoping review is to serve as an updated review of the research regarding stigmatization in youth with PTD since the publication of the original systematic review about this topic in 2016. The electronic databases Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched. Of the 4751 initial articles screened after removing duplications, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies were examined under the social–ecological stigmatization model, which helps categorize stigmatization into individual, interpersonal, community, and structural levels and serves as a broader definition of stigmatization than the previous systematic review. On the individual level, youth with PTD had lower self-esteem than peers, often leading to fear of future stigmatization, avoidant behaviors, and self-stigmatization. They also experienced higher rates of bullying and other forms of abuse than peers at the interpersonal level. At the community level, youth with PTD faced discriminatory environments in school and work and limited availability of community services and healthcare access. At the structural level, knowledge about PTD was limited in the general population, often about the limited portrayals of PTD in the media. We hope that the broader scope of this review serves to help inform future efforts to decrease the stigmatization faced by this group.

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Cultural Differences in Reactions to Tics and Tic Severity

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

A Study on the Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Parent Tic Questionnaire

A Study on the Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Parent Tic Questionnaire

Study protocol for measuring stigmatization in persistent tic disorders: development and validation of the Tourette discrimination-stigmatization scale

Reframing stigma in Tourette syndrome: an updated scoping review

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