Cultural evolution in the science of culture and cultural evolution

Whiten, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2023.03.001

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…The present study provides the first evidence that also free-ranging dogs adjust their behavior depending on what an unfamiliar human does, thus they can learn features of their environment from humans. The mechanism behind the present form of copying was likely stimulus or local enhancement ( Heyes 1994 ; Whiten 2023 ). In fact, dogs needed to move towards the apparatus or location in which the human was seen, to be able to obtain food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In this study, we focused on what was considered to potentially be highly relevant information for free-ranging dogs’ survival, i.e., where to find food, and we set up a task, which would not require highly complex social learning abilities (e.g., stimulus enhancement, Heyes 1994 ; Whiten 2023 ). More specifically, we aimed at investigating whether having witnessed a human eating from 1 of 2 novel feeding sources, free-ranging dogs would be influenced in their subsequent choice of which resource to approach.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Free-ranging dogs match a human’s preference in a foraging task

Cimarelli,

Juskaite,

Range

et al. 2023

Current Zoology

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Social learning is a mechanism used by many species to efficiently gain information about their environment. Although many animals live in an environment where members of other species are present, little is known about inter-specific social learning. Domesticated and urbanized species provide the opportunity to investigate whether non-human animals can learn from heterospecifics such as humans, who are integral parts of their social landscape. Although domestic dogs Canis familiaris have been intensively researched for their ability to learn from humans, most studies have focused on dogs living as pets. However, free-ranging dogs represent the majority of the world’s dog population, they live alongside humans, scavenge on human refuse, and are subjected to natural and sexual selection. Thus, free-ranging dogs with extensive exposure to humans and their artifacts provide the opportunity to investigate inter-specific social learning in a naturalistic setting, where learning from humans might be a benefit for them. Here we tested individual free-ranging dogs in a between-subject design: dogs in the control group could spontaneously choose between two novel and differently patterned food-delivering boxes. In the experimental group, instead, dogs could first observe an unfamiliar human approaching and eating from one of the two boxes. We provide the first evidence that free-ranging dogs match the choice of an unfamiliar human. These results show that at least simple forms of inter-specific social learning might be involved in dogs’ success in living alongside humans in a complex urbanized environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%