Cultural inheritance or cultural diffusion of religious violence? A quantitative case study of the Radical Reformation

Matthews, Luke J.; Edmonds, Jeffrey; Wildman, Wesley J.; Nunn, Charles L.

doi:10.1080/2153599x.2012.707388

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…40 The general failure of autoregression, contrasted with the success of dyadic regression with random effects, recommends that empirical researchers should proceed by first assessing which networks or trees are important using dyadic regression with random effects, and then apply autoregression to correct for nonindependence in a broader model with attribute predictor variables. This procedure was followed by Matthews et al 12 in their study of violent and pacifist Anabaptist sects. These authors first used dyadic regression with random effects to find that violence was generally more correlated on the lineages of the Anabaptist tree rather than the network connections of sect leaders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Matthews et al 12 examined how theological and liturgical traits were distributed among 11 groups of Anabaptists that operated during the Protestant Reformation. The Anabaptists were fairly extreme sects that rejected secular governments and supported the establishment of Christian theocracies.…”

Section: Empirically Grounded Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figures 1 and 2 illustrate some of the complexity of the Anabaptist networks and especially the differences between the network of group leaders and the schism tree of congregations. 12 We relied on these structures known from historical records in our empirically grounded simulations. We simulated the diffusion or inheritance of cultural characteristics on the network and tree using standard published approaches.…”

Section: Empirically Grounded Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10][11] For example, in-depth statistical network analyses have explored the role of networks in political violence among 16th century radical European Anabaptists, who sought to overthrow secular governments to establish their version of Christian theocratic rule. 12,13 This historical case study has multiple parallels with radical religious extremists today and, by providing known final outcomes, can serve as a complementary research resource to studies of contemporary movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A simulation assessment of methods to infer cultural transmission on dark networks

Karimov

Matthews

2016

Journal of Defense Modeling & Simulation

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The social transmission of beliefs, behaviors, and technologies is a central function of dark networks, just as it is in legitimate networks. One motivation for disrupting dark networks is to break the flow of information and learning. It is often unclear, however, which network should be targeted for disruption because individuals inhabit multiple and correlated networks, and the most relevant network for a given cultural process must be inferred from limited empirical data. Three analytic methods potentially are able to distinguish among alternative network diffusion processes: autoregression, dyadic regression with permutations, and dyadic regression with or random effects. All three rely on having measureable cultural outcomes and network or tree-like connections among the data points. We tested the ability of each method to infer cultural diffusion correctly within 4000 simulated datasets generated on two historical networks that linked violent and pacifist Anabaptist religious groups. Under both frequentist and Bayesian inference procedures, regression of dyadic matrices with random effects exhibited the best statistical performance. We found similar results in a more comprehensive search of the network parameter space that simulated both network structures and the diffusion of traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirically Grounded Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirically Grounded Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A simulation assessment of methods to infer cultural transmission on dark networks

Karimov

Matthews

2016

Journal of Defense Modeling & Simulation

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“…As the tensions rose, some protesters resorted to violence, invading residences and residence kitchens; setting up burning barricades; burning portraits and other artwork stolen from residences; general vandalism; and intimidation of members of the campus community. Matthews et al (2013) aver that violence is inherited from a parent or is acquired from contemporaneous purveyors of violent ideologies. Such violence is learnt independently of the other characteristics of an overall belief system.…”

Section: South and East Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Student protest and the culture of violence at African universities: An inherited ideological trait

Fomunyam

2017

Y&T

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Since the advent of independence in African countries, education generally focused on transforming these nations and redressing the ills of colonialism. Education in countries like Ghana, and Kenya, amongst others aimed at redressing the colonial legacy by creating a new world order marked by equality, mutual benefits and participation. However, this drive for equality, mutual benefits and participation has been beset by several challenges, ranging from access to funding. The recent and most devastating challenge has been the wave of violent student protests that have swept across African universities over the past decade. These protests led to the destruction of university structures and public property, as well as disruption of educational processes. While the reasons for these protests have been different in different countries, they all have become violent. This article argues that the culture of violence exhibited by students and their advocates is an inherited ideological trait that is gradually manifesting itself among students. In support of this argument, student protest is examined in the five regions of Africa; North, South, East, Central and West, spanning more than 20 different nations. The article concludes that because the culture of violence is an inherited one, the process will continue unless urgent steps are taken to ensure transformation and decolonisation. It also argues that universities need to create environments where students are comfortable to learn, thereby eradicating the need for protest.

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Dealing with Culture as Inherited Information

Matthews

2019

Social‐Behavioral Modeling for Complex Systems

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Cultural inheritance or cultural diffusion of religious violence? A quantitative case study of the Radical Reformation

Cited by 37 publications

References 12 publications

A simulation assessment of methods to infer cultural transmission on dark networks

A simulation assessment of methods to infer cultural transmission on dark networks

Student protest and the culture of violence at African universities: An inherited ideological trait

Dealing with Culture as Inherited Information

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