Cultural Management of Huanglongbing: Current Status and Ongoing Research

Alquézar, Berta; Carmona, Lourdes; Bennici, Stefania; Miranda, M. H. G. de; Bassanezi, R. B.; Peña, Leandro

doi:10.1094/phyto-08-21-0358-ia

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Although in some regions the incidence has not exceeded 2%, in others, the proportion of HLB affected trees has reached 60%. Because there is no curative measures of control or resistant cultivars, 21,43 currently the recommendation to reduce the progress of HLB and to avoid further damage due to the disease is to plant healthy nursery trees, scout and eliminate the inoculum sources inside and in the perimeter of the farm, and control the vector on a regional scale in order to prevent its introduction and reproduction in the orchards 21,44 . In addition, the establishment of new orchards in areas with low incidence of HLB or where the regional management of the disease is taken seriously is becoming a critical strategy for the success of the citrus industry 21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of diseases and pests on premature fruit drop in sweet orange orchards in São Paulo state citrus belt, Brazil

Machado

Lanza

Trombin³

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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Background Despite technical improvements in the citrus chain and leadership in orange production achieved in the past decades, premature fruit drop remains a major component of crop loss in São Paulo state citrus belt, the largest sweet orange production area in the world. The present study aimed to determine, during five consecutive seasons, the impact of the diseases and pests on premature fruit drop in the orange belt. Results Fruit drop due to the main diseases and pests averaged approximately 11.0%, which corresponded to approximately 63% of the annual fruit drop. The average fruit drop rate due to fruit borer and fruit flies combined was 4.0%, Huanglongbing (HLB) 3.3%, black spot 2.6%, leprosis 1.0% and citrus canker 0.3%. The average amount of fruit drop (million 40.8 kg boxes) and value of crop losses (million US$ dollars), in five seasons, were 12.7 and 66.2 for fruit borer/fruit flies, 11.0 and 57.9 for HLB, 8.1 and 42.2 for black spot, 3.1 and 15.6 for leprosis, and 0.9 and 4.9 for citrus canker, respectively. Conclusion Fruit borer and fruit flies (combined), HLB, black spot, leprosis and citrus canker are, in this order, the main diseases and pests in the orange belt of São Paulo state. All of these causes significantly increased the overall fruit drop rate in the evaluated seasons. The results will contribute to the development of the Brazilian citrus industry, while showing to other citrus‐growing regions the potential that diseases and pests have to jeopardize production. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of diseases and pests on premature fruit drop in sweet orange orchards in São Paulo state citrus belt, Brazil

Machado

Lanza

Trombin³

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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“…A comprehensive review on cultural methods and other management strategies against Diaphorina citri and HLB has been published recently 34 . However, information on the efficacy of kaolin particle film technology as a way to interfere with the host plant‐finding ability, settling behavior,‐ and probing of T. erytreae on citrus plants is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kaolin particle films disrupt landing, settling behavior and feeding of Trioza erytrae on lemon plants

Oliveira

Benhadi‐Marín

Neto

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The citrus greening disease or Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease of citrus crops. Trioza erytreae is a vector of HLB. Since its introduction in Europe, the insect reached the northern region of Spain and the southern region of Portugal, threatening relevant citrus production areas. Limiting the spread of HLB vectors is mandatory to prevent this disease. In this work, we assessed the effect of kaolin, a white mineral clay, on the landing, settling behavior and feeding behavior of Trioza erytreae on lemon plants. RESULTS After kaolin application, the number of plants on which the insect was found was significantly lower than on untreated plants in the laboratory and in the field. Moreover, there were significantly fewer T. erytreae and a shorter duration of phloem‐related events on kaolin‐treated than untreated plants. CONCLUSION The use of kaolin could be a suitable and efficient tool for inclusion into integrated pest management programs or organic production to reduce populations of T. erytreae and subsequently limit the spread of HLB in citrus crops. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…HLB remains the No. 1 challenge for citrus growers despite some progress in HLB management including three-pronged management ( Yuan et al, 2021 ; Alquézar et al, 2022 ), plant defense inducers ( Li et al, 2019 ), antimicrobials ( Akula et al, 2011 ; Li et al, 2019 , 2021 ), heat treatment Thapa et al, 2021 ), microbiome manipulation ( Riera et al, 2017 ), growth hormones ( Canales et al, 2016 ; Tang and Vashisth, 2020 ), and enhanced nutrition programs ( Stansly et al, 2014 ). Owing to the inability to culture the HLB pathogens in vitro , the pathogenicity mechanism of HLB remains poorly understood ( da Graça et al, 2022 ; Pandey et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses of proteins in the outer membrane and extracellular compartments and outer membrane vesicles of Candidatus Liberibacter species

et al. 2022

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Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating citrus disease in the world. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) is the prevalent HLB pathogen, which is yet to be cultivated. A recent study demonstrates that Las does not contain pathogenicity factors that are directly responsible for HLB symptoms. Instead, Las triggers systemic and chronic immune responses, representing a pathogen-triggered immune disease. Importantly, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes systemic cell death of phloem tissues, thus causing HLB symptoms. Because Las resides in the phloem tissues, it is expected that phloem cell might recognize outer membrane proteins, outer membrane vesicle (OMV) proteins and extracellular proteins of Las to contribute to the immune responses. Because Las has not been cultivated, we used Liberibacter crescens (Lcr) as a surrogate to identify proteins in the OM fraction, OMV proteins and extracellular proteins by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). We observed OMVs of Lcr under scanning electron microscope, representing the first experimental evidence that Liberibacter can deliver proteins to the extracellular compartment. In addition, we also further analyzed LC–MS/MS data using bioinformatic tools. Our study provides valuable information regarding the biology of Ca. Liberibacter species and identifies many putative proteins that may interact with host proteins in the phloem tissues.

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Cultural Management of Huanglongbing: Current Status and Ongoing Research

Cited by 37 publications

References 123 publications

Impact of diseases and pests on premature fruit drop in sweet orange orchards in São Paulo state citrus belt, Brazil

Impact of diseases and pests on premature fruit drop in sweet orange orchards in São Paulo state citrus belt, Brazil

Kaolin particle films disrupt landing, settling behavior and feeding of Trioza erytrae on lemon plants

Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses of proteins in the outer membrane and extracellular compartments and outer membrane vesicles of Candidatus Liberibacter species

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