Cultural, Material, and Psychosocial Correlates of the Socioeconomic Gradient in Smoking Behavior among Adults

Prevalence of alternative forms of tobacco use in a population of young adult military recruits

“…Delnevo et al (2004) observed higher rates of lifetime bidi use among those with some college or a college degree relative to those with a high school education or less, although the rates of current bidi use did not differ according to education level. Contrary to studies investigating socioeconomic correlates of cigarette smoking (Bray et al, 2006;CDC, 2006a,b;Stronks, van de Mheen, Looman, & Mackenbach, 1997), the use of alternative tobacco products in the present sample tended to be more common among those with the highest family income level. It may be that higher income individuals who enter the military are a unique subgroup that is more inclined toward risk taking behavior.…”

Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular disease mortality. An international study

“…Stronks et al [61] showed that in the Netherlands 20-40% of the difference in smoking behaviour between socioeconomic groups appeared to be associated with adverse material conditions. Also qualitative studies, most of which were carried out in the United Kingdom, indicate that adverse material circumstances may induce people to smoke, and hinder stopping smoking [43] .…”

The relationship between smoker and nonsmoker prototypes and smoking status among 14-year-old Norwegians

“…Specifically, a family background of low SES has been related to an increased probability of smoking (e.g., Koivusilta, Rimpela, & Rimpela, 1999;Soteriades & DiFranza, 2003). One explanation for this relationship could be that people might smoke as a response to stress induced by unfavourable socioeconomic circumstances (Stronks, van de Mheen, Looman, & Mackenbach, 1997).…”