“…Sport in its communication of excellence, movement, the human condition, and sacrifice of energy may be what is important to the core of what it is to be human (Sartre, 1956;Caillois, 1958Caillois, /2001Roberts et al, 1958;James, 1963;Loy, 1968;Bernard, 1972;Geertz, 1972;Ingham & Loy, 1974;Morford & Clark, 1976;Guttmann, 1978;Suits, 1978;Birrell, 1981;Turner, 1982;Blanchard & Cheska, 1984;Loy & Hesketh, 1984;Hanna, 1987;Sutton-Smith, 1997;Eichberg, 1998;Wertz, 1999;Ingham, 2000;Szymanski, 2006;Barthes, 2007;Hardy & Loy, 2009;Besnier & Brownell 2012;Sansone, 1988;Sydnor, 2010Sydnor, , 2015Sydnor, , 2017. For example, the delivery of the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics games despite record numbers of Japanese citizens testing positive for COVID-19, and the outspoken disapproval by citizens that a sporting event take priority over people.…”