Cultural stereotyping among psychotherapists.

Abstract. This article draws attention to the impact of geopolitical crises on multicultural counseling. It acknowledges that counselors may listen to news about these conflicts on radios and televisions without realizing the multicultural counseling implications. It puts these crises in socio-psychological perspective and raises, explains, and discusses the concepts of vicarious gain, lack, and loss of credibility as experienced by counselors due to these crises. Illustrative cases are used to show how vicarious gain, lack, and loss of credibility can inhibit the development and/or maintenance of healthy multicultural counseling relationships. Finally, ways to deal effectively with these problems are presented.

Section: Developing a Multicultural Perspectivementioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of geopolitical crises on the formation or maintenance of multicultural counseling relationships: Insights from case studies

Ahia

1993

“…Vontress (1976) has stressed that such factors as racial, ethnic, and socio economic differences interact to create problems in establishing rapport, especially in cross-cultural situations. It has been suggested that this is so because of the culturally conditioned perceptions, expectations, and anxieties that both participants enter with into counselling (Bloombaum, Yamamoto and James, 1968;Sundberg, 134 M.J. Westwood, A. Bernadelli and J. Destefano 1976). These create cultural barriers to positive cross-cultural relationships in general and more particularly to the counselling relationship.…”

Section: Counselling In the Culturally Diverse Society 133mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The implications of cultural and social factors on the dyadic relationship (i.e. counselling) have been the subject of investigation of several researchers (Carkhuff and Pierce, 1967;Bloombaum, Yamamoto and James, 1968; Lewis and Locke, 1969;Kupferer and Fitzgerald, 1971;Torrey, 1972). In general, considerable attention has especiallybeen given to the problem of similarities and differences as being the main issue (Sundberg, 1976).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Counselling in the culturally diverse society: Some neglected variables in research

Westwood

Bernadelli

DeStefano

1981

Cross-cultural research, especially in the area of counselling, has received considerable attention in the professional literature. Closer inspection of published research reveals that most often the variable of race is considered central. Some crucial cross-cultural variables have been ignored in favour of the racial factor. This paper discusses some of these conspicuous cultural factors which are relevant to the counselling process. In addition, some research-specific problems in the "cultural arena' of investigation are considered. The need of effective models for counselling in a "culturally mosaic society' such as Canada is stressed.This past decade has been witness to a resurgent research interest and literature devoted to cross-cultural issues in the helping professions. The implications of cultural and social factors on the dyadic relationship (i.e. counselling) have been the subject of investigation of several researchers (Carkhuff and Pierce, 1967;Bloombaum, Yamamoto and James, 1968; Lewis and Locke, 1969;Kupferer and Fitzgerald, 1971;Torrey, 1972). In general, considerable attention has especiallybeen given to the problem of similarities and differences as being the main issue (Sundberg, 1976).Of particular concern has been the notion that traditional counselling models are inappropriate and ineffective in helping cultural minorities. This is due, in part, to the fact that counselling cannot be divorced from the white, middle-class values on which it is grounded (Bell, 1971;Ruiz and Padilla, 1977;Bryson and Bardo, 1975;Sue and Sue, 1977). This, however, has not deterred the spirit of the curious researcher, and race as a client-counsellor factor has been added to the list of independent variables. An adequate review can be found elsewhere (Harrison, 1975).The notion of race (i,e. skin colour), as a relevant factor in counselling relationships, was assumed to be the interface between client and counsellor. Some of the research seems to indicate that although race is a significant variable in counselling, it is often superceded by other variables. For example, investigations have shown that such variables as sex (Mires, Herron and * Paper presented at the ninth IRTAC, Greece, April 1980. Int J Adv Couns 4:131-137 (1981 0165-0653/81/0042-0131 $ 01.05.

“…These studies have investigated the extent to which biased perceptions could hinder the counseling relationship and to what extent such barriers could be overcome via cross-cultural awareness and culturally sensitive techniques and methods (Johnson and Vestermark, 1970;Bloombaum et al, 1968;Anant 1972. ) Some of the studies focused on the difference in psychological mindedness between majority and minority groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value dimensions in american counseling: A Taiwanese-American comparison

Saner‐Yiu¹,

Saner-Yiu

1985

This paper is a discussion of prevailing American value dimensions in counseling theory and practice in general and a comparison of Taiwanese-Chinese and American counseling value dimensions in particular. Whereas most studies on cross-cultural issues to date have focused on American majority-minority value conflicts, this paper discusses a new level of value conflict, that between cultures, between nations.Part I discusses differences in cognition and affect between American and Taiwanese-Chinese. We have found that despite decades of American influence on Taiwanese culture, strong value differences persist between both countries, which leads us to believe that culture values are non-negotiable, structural elements of human existence. These basic differences in values influence perception, cognition, and behavior of American and Taiwanese culture bearers and result in predictable cross-culture conflicts.Part II presents a conceptualization of culture values and further discusses the American values embedded in counseling practices. To understand this influence we have identified (using Geert Hofstede's four culture value dimensions) cultural characteristics unique to Americans and Taiwanese-Chinese.Part III specifically discusses the impact of American individualism on counseling theory, and how the strong American belief of the universality of individualism can lead to an inability to validate collectivist cultures.We conclude by suggesting that more longitudinal and historic analysis could generate more in-depth information about culture values. This in turn could make a truly international and inter-cultural theory and practice of counseling a more likely possibility. 138