Cultural Transformation: Modern Materials and Technologies in the Life  of the Tundra Nenets Reindeer Herders  (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia)

Adaev, V.N.

doi:10.20874/2071-0437-2018-42-3-158-168

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Possibly, these dogs slept with inhabitants and kept children warm. There was one more role for dogs: cleaning (Adaev, 2014). Dogs ate almost all leftovers and throwaways and everything left after butchering and actively hunted rodents, which could damage food supply and transmit various diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An analysis of archaeological finds gives no evidence of husbandry of large herds in Nadym Gorodok even at the beginning of the 18th century (Kardash, 2013). Besides, reconstructed wither height of Nadym dogs is greater than wither height of modern herding Nenets laikas (40–55 cm) (Adaev, 2014). Presumably, there were no herding dogs in the settlement in question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dogs (14–18th centuries AD) from Nadym Gorodok archaeological site (Western Siberia, Russia): Morphology and function

Bachura

Lobanova

Kardash

2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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An osteological collection of dogs from an aboriginal population settlement (Nadym Gorodok) in Western Siberia is described in this work. There were numerous bones (more than 1600) well preserved in the permafrost cultural layer, including almost complete skeletons of dogs of various ages. Craniological characteristics and reconstructions of the size and functions of the aboriginal dog were studied. The analysis of the finds showed that there was a large number of dogs in Nadym Gorodok in the 14–18th centuries AD. Dogs were bred on site in the settlement. During the 4 centuries, middle‐size dogs of the same build were kept in Nadym Gorodok. In size and general skull shape, the dogs were similar to the modern laika breed. The dogs were used mainly for hunting. During a hunt, dogs stalked prey and pulled sledges as a draft animal. There were no herding dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dogs (14–18th centuries AD) from Nadym Gorodok archaeological site (Western Siberia, Russia): Morphology and function

Bachura

Lobanova

Kardash

2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…Western Siberia, between the Ural Mountains and the River Yenisei, represents a particularly rich ecosystem from a hunter-gatherer-fisher perspective. Fish, aquatic birds, forest fowl and large game such as elk and reindeer have predictable seasonal behaviours, and this abundance may have contributed to a rise in population and socio-political differentiation once the mass-harvesting strategies of such 'naturally stored' resources developed (Golovnev 1995;Adaev 2007). Storable and transportable goods made from these natural resources could include fish oil, fish meal, dried/smoked fish, dried birds and frozen meat-goods made and used by Indigenous groups in western Siberia to the present-day (Piezonka 2023).…”

Section: The Context Of Ancient Fortifications In Western Siberiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The world's oldest-known promontory fort: Amnya and the acceleration of hunter-gatherer diversity in Siberia 8000 years ago

Piezonka,

Chairkina,

Dubovtseva

et al. 2023

Antiquity

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Archaeological narratives have traditionally associated the rise of social and political ‘complexity’ with the emergence of agricultural societies. However, this framework neglects the innovations of the hunter-gatherer populations occupying the Siberian taiga 8000 years ago, including the construction of some of the oldest-known fortified sites in the world. Here, the authors present results from the fortified site of Amnya in western Siberia, reporting new radiocarbon dates as the basis for a re-evaluation of the chronology and settlement organisation. Assessed within the context of the changing social and environmental landscape of the taiga, Amnya and similar fortified sites can be understood as one facet of a broader adaptive strategy.

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Homo technicus mobilis in Yamal

Yaptik

2021

VAAE

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The author attempts to investigate how new infrastructure and new technical means affect the social institu-tions of the indigenous inhabitants of the Yamal Peninsula, who were mainly engaged in traditional activities: no-madic reindeer herding and fishing. The work is based on the author's field materials of 2018–2020 for the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (Western Siberia) and publications of other researchers. The paper shows how the autochthonous peoples build new mobile space and master snowmobiles. Domination over the created space takes place with the aid of traditional skills and behaviors. At the same time, deer, which was the main transport animal and the main measure of wealth of Arctic reindeer herders, has not receded into the background, but transformed into a means of technical modernization of the economy. As a result, it has been shown that, when choosing technical innovations, the indigenous people of Yamal are guided by their ease of operation, high cross-country capability and environmental friendliness, preferring the domestically produced Buran in daily routine. Snowmobiles can be found in almost all reindeer herding families, and only their high price indicates the standing of the owners and allows the latter to demonstrate their status in the society. ‘Buranists’ are involved in the market relations, occupying their niches in the system of commodity-exchange relations in the society. They act as an information and communication link between reindeer herders' camps and settlements. Snowmobiles are vivid examples of adaptation of indigenous people to new conditions and demonstrate possibility of coexistence of traditional reindeer farming culture with modern technologies. The Arctic nomad turned from a mobile man into homo technicus mobilis. This transformation appeared to be only on the outside, as evidenced by frequent acci-dents during the operation of snowmobiles. The proper use of such technologies in many respects offers competi-tive advantages to local entrepreneurs. New vehicles boost the entrepreneurial activity of the natives, involve them in the non-traditional sectors of employment: repair and resale of snowmobiles, transportation; and delivery of fuels, where natives can employ traditional knowledge of orientation, satisfy their passion for moving, and to avail themselves of the opportunity to choose a lifestyle and transport, without parting with their mobile lifestyle.

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Cultural Transformation: Modern Materials and Technologies in the Life of the Tundra Nenets Reindeer Herders (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia)

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Dogs (14–18th centuries AD) from Nadym Gorodok archaeological site (Western Siberia, Russia): Morphology and function

Dogs (14–18th centuries AD) from Nadym Gorodok archaeological site (Western Siberia, Russia): Morphology and function

The world's oldest-known promontory fort: Amnya and the acceleration of hunter-gatherer diversity in Siberia 8000 years ago

Homo technicus mobilis in Yamal

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