Cultural Universals and Differences in Dealing with Death

Park, Young Chin; Pyszczynski, Tom

doi:10.4324/9781315641393-15

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…There are a few reasons why the MS hypothesis may be more true of Americans than other cultural groups. First, mortality salience may be more threatening depending on one's cultural context (Park & Pyszczynski, 2016;Schumaker, Barraclough, & Vagg, 1988).…”

Section: A Focus On Us Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, research finds that some non-Western samples are less motivated to maintain high self-esteem (Heine, Lehman, Markus, & Kitayama, 1999). Consequently, they may have less to gain from responding to death reminders with worldview-affirming behaviors and cognitions (Greenberg et al, 1986;Heine, Harihara, & Niiya, 2002;Park & Pyszczynski, 2016). esteem is less prioritized might be less likely to attempt to restore self-esteem in the face of their mortality thoughts.…”

Section: A Focus On Us Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Managing the terror of publication bias: A comprehensive p-curve analysis of the Terror Management Theory literature

Chen¹,

Benjamin²,

Lai

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A key prediction of Terror Management Theory is that people affirm their cultural worldview after they are reminded of death. This mortality salience (MS) hypothesis has been widely explored, yet the presence of questionable research practices may impact the replicability of this literature. We assess the evidential value of the MS hypothesis by conducting a pre-registered p-curve analysis of 860 published studies. Our results suggest that there are nonzero effects in this literature and that power is larger for studies conducted with multiple delays between the independent and dependent variables, for studies that test for main effects in comparison to those that test for interactions, and for studies conducted more recently. However, since the estimated average power of MS studies is 26%, direct replications are unlikely to succeed. We recommend researchers consider our evidence when planning their samples, and that they anticipate smaller effects by increasing their sample sizes.

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Section: A Focus On Us Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Focus On Us Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing the terror of publication bias: A comprehensive p-curve analysis of the Terror Management Theory literature

Chen¹,

Benjamin²,

Lai

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The practice of mindfulness that incorporates attention to social interaction may help deploy a less reactive "self-attention" to threatening social stimuli (Park & Pyszczynski, 2016). Mindfulness meditation enhances attentional and emotional self-regulation, prioritizing nonjudgmental attention to experiences in the present moment (Isbel & Mahar, 2015;Ortet et al, 2020;Tang et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research has provided evidence that the defensive reaction to thoughts of death is not inevitable. Different aspects of mindfulness, such as trait mindfulness (Kashdan et al, 2011;Niemiec et al, 2010), or practicing meditation (Park & Pyszczynski, 2016), can reduce the defensive reaction to fear of death in different spheres of the personal worldview. Although meditation can induce a state of mindfulness, it is not the only factor that develops the ability to perceive the present experience intentionally, nonreactively, non-judgmentally, and with a consciousness of the present moment (Kabat-Zinn, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mindfulness Training on the Self-Regulation of Socio-Moral Thoughts

Arahuete¹,

Pinazo²

2022

Preprint

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<p> </p> <p>The change in moral attitude due to discrimination of the degree of reality of thought is an unexplored potential effect of mindfulness training. In this article we examine whether the mindfulness training of novices reduces the defensive reaction to normative transgressions when the socio-moral threatened thought is salient. To test the study hypotheses we used a bifactorial design mindfulness training (pre vs. post) x threatened thought salience (low vs high). The dependent variable (punishment of social norm transgression) was measured on two different occasions: 1) pre-training (T1), 2) after training (T2). One group receives training in mindfulness in the threatened thought salience low condition, and a second group receives the same training in the threatened thought salience high condition. The results show that training mindfulness reduces moral punishment with high threatened thought salience, and reduce moral jugdment with low threatened thought salience. Thought of threatened socio-moral norms affects socio-moral reactivity, but does not affect soico-moral judgment. Implications of the results and limitations of the study are also explored.</p>

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“…They suggested that relations between threat and culture need advance thinking that can be used to address all of the relations among threat and culture. TMT theorists Park and Pyszczynski (2016, p. 208) acknowledged that “clearly there is much more to be learnt about cultural differences in how people deal with the universal human problem of mortality.” Due to the Western influence in the theory's foundation, it needs more research across diverse cultures. In the MS hypothesis, culture, religion, stimulus threshold, and history each play a part in the impact had by the reminder of death.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does intensity of stimulus and culture matter in death anxiety?

2020

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Two experiments were designed to study the effect of mortality salience (MS) and terror attack news on socioreligious attribution of Muslims in Pakistan. The first sample of students (n = 238) was taken from public and private universities of Pakistan. The age range of the sample was 18-37 years. Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions: 2 (MS vs. pain salience) × 4 (non-Muslims attacking Muslims vs. Muslims attacking non-Muslims vs. Muslims attacking Muslims vs. weather news). Results indicated a non-significant main effect of MS (p = .83) on socioreligious attribution. Similarly, a non-significant interaction effect (p = .76.) on socioreligious attribution was found. However, the main effect of terror news was significant (p = .01). Post hoc analyses revealed that individuals exposed to the news video showing Muslims attacking non-Muslims scored significantly higher than the rest. Study II was conducted to compare the results of Study I by observing the effect of MS and four news videos after introducing MS through death simulation. The sample of students (n = 120) was taken from public and private universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The age range of the sample was 18-37 years. Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions: 2 (MS vs. pain salience) × 4 (non-Muslims attacking Muslims vs. Muslims attacking non-Muslims vs. Muslims attacking Muslims vs. weather news). Results indicated a significant main effect of MS (p = .001) on socioreligious attribution. Similarly, findings indicated a significant interaction effect (ρ = .001) on socioreligious attribution. These studies were conducted within the culture and religion in question. Further studies on terror management theory are needed in Pakistan to benefit from the work being done on post-traumatic stress disorder with reference to Pakistan.

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Cultural Universals and Differences in Dealing with Death

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Managing the terror of publication bias: A comprehensive p-curve analysis of the Terror Management Theory literature

Managing the terror of publication bias: A comprehensive p-curve analysis of the Terror Management Theory literature

The Effect of Mindfulness Training on the Self-Regulation of Socio-Moral Thoughts

Does intensity of stimulus and culture matter in death anxiety?

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