Culture and social support.

Kim, Heejung S.; Sherman, David K.; Taylor, Shelley E.

doi:10.1037/0003-066x

Cited by 894 publications

(921 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…(The American group included a small group of U.S.-born Korean Americans as comparisons who are genetically similar to Koreans but who were raised in American culture.) Consistent with prior research (19)(20)(21), we predicted that Americans would report using emotional support more than Koreans to manage distress. We further predicted that, under conditions of high distress, Americans with the GG/AG genotype [note that, consistent with approaches in other studies to deal with skewed genotypic distribution (10, 24), we combine the heterozygous genotype with the rarest homozygous genotype], who are more sensitive to relational norms, would seek emotional support more than Americans with the AA genotype, because emotional support seeking is a normative coping response in the United States.…”

supporting

confidence: 74%

“…The norms regarding the seeking of emotional support differ markedly between Asian and American cultures, however. Across many different types of stressors, such as academic, health and social stressors, Asians are less likely to seek emotional support for dealing with their stressful events compared with European Americans (19)(20)(21). This cultural difference emerges with both open-ended assessments and standard coping inventories (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, it is an important behavioral response to stress. Emotional support seeking is a common response to stress that is influenced by both genetic factors (18) and culture (19)(20)(21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Culture, distress, and oxytocin receptor polymorphism (OXTR) interact to influence emotional support seeking

Kim

Sherman

Sasaki

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Research has demonstrated that certain genotypes are expressed in different forms, depending on input from the social environment. To examine sensitivity to cultural norms regarding emotional support seeking as a type of social environment, we explored the behavioral expression of oxytocin receptor polymorphism (OXTR) rs53576, a gene previously related to socio-emotional sensitivity. Seeking emotional support in times of distress is normative in American culture but not in Korean culture. Consequently, we predicted a three-way interaction of culture, distress, and OXTR genotype on emotional support seeking. Korean and American participants (n = 274) completed assessments of psychological distress and emotional support seeking and were genotyped for OXTR. We found the predicted three-way interaction: among distressed American participants, those with the GG/AG genotypes reported seeking more emotional social support, compared with those with the AA genotype, whereas Korean participants did not differ significantly by genotype; under conditions of low distress, OXTR groups did not differ significantly in either cultural group. These findings suggest that OXTR rs53576 is sensitive to input from the social environment, specifically cultural norms regarding emotional social support seeking. These findings also indicate that psychological distress and culture are important moderators that shape behavioral outcomes associated with OXTR genotypes.genetics | social support | psychological distress | stress coping | gene-by-culture interaction

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confidence: 74%

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confidence: 99%

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Culture, distress, and oxytocin receptor polymorphism (OXTR) interact to influence emotional support seeking

Kim

Sherman

Sasaki

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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310

242

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“…The impact of AV that were not a focus of the present study could also be examined in future research. Some possibilities include the impact of indirect communication strategies (Park & Kim, 2008), emphasis on silence and introspection (Kim, 2002), implicit support-seeking (e.g., Kim, Sherman, & Taylor, 2008), and fatalism (Ho, 1990). The impact of other constructs such as acculturation, ethnic identity, discrimination, and marginalization could also be examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of asian values and victim−perpetrator closeness on the disclosure of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse.

Foynes

Platt

Hall

et al. 2014

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Prior research indicates that survivors of abuse characterized by very close victimϪperpetrator relationships (VC traumas) are significantly more likely to delay disclosure for 1 or more years, or never to disclose, than survivors of abuse characterized by not very close victimϪperpetrator relationships (NVC traumas) (M. M. Foynes, J. J. Freyd, & A. P. Deprince, 2009, Child abuse, betrayal and disclosure, Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 209 -217). Nondisclosure of abuse may serve a protective function in that it allows for the maintenance of a necessary, albeit abusive, relationship. This dynamic may be particularly relevant for people who adhere strongly to Asian cultural values of interdependence and may be differentially applicable to disclosure of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. An online study was conducted with Asian Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EAs; N ϭ 266) to test the hypothesis that Asian values, rather than ethnic group membership, would be associated with decreased disclosure of VC abuse, but not affect disclosure of NVC abuse. The impact of Asian values was expected to be the strongest for disclosure of VC sexual abuse. A series of backward stepwise logistic regressions revealed that Asian values, but not ethnicity, were significantly associated with nondisclosure of VC sexual and emotional abuse, but not VC physical abuse. Neither ethnicity nor Asian values was associated with disclosure of any type of NVC abuse. Female gender increased the odds of VC abuse disclosure only. By examining the impact of cultural values on disclosure of particular abuse types and uncovering the limitations of attending to ethnicity alone, we hope to inform efforts toward facilitating recovery from trauma and creating more supportive environments for survivors.

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“…More specifically, we examined the interaction between the GSI and culture (i.e., American and Korean participants) in shaping the tendencies of self-expression, which have been shown to differ between cultures with European Americans exhibiting greater expressive tendencies than Asians (e.g., Butler et al 2009;Kim and Sherman 2007;Kim et al 2008;Lee et al 2009;Matsumoto et al 2008).…”

Section: The Present Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene–culture interactions: a multi-gene approach

2014

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Previous studies have identified genetic variants linked to increased susceptibility to socio-cultural influences. These studies typically show that individuals with the more susceptible variant of a specific polymorphism exhibit social behavior more in accordance with surrounding cultural norms. Given limitations of the single gene approach, we propose to assess genetic susceptibility with a multigene index, composed of polymorphisms previously identified in gene-culture interaction studies. Specifically, we are interested in whether the combined susceptibility index moderates cultural differences in self-expression. In the present study, Americans and Koreans completed psychological and behavioral assessments of self-expression tendencies and provided DNA samples, which were genotyped for preselected OXTR, 5HTR1A, SERT, and DRD4 polymorphisms. Results show that the genetic susceptibility index predicts a wider range of self-expression outcomes than what is predicted by individual polymorphisms. The findings underscore the importance of developing biologically and functionally informed models of genetic influence. Further the work demonstrates a model for examining the effects of multiple genes simultaneously and advances our understanding of how genetic and socio-cultural factors jointly contribute to shape social behaviors.

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Culture and social support.

Cited by 894 publications

References 45 publications

Culture, distress, and oxytocin receptor polymorphism (OXTR) interact to influence emotional support seeking

Culture, distress, and oxytocin receptor polymorphism (OXTR) interact to influence emotional support seeking

The impact of asian values and victim−perpetrator closeness on the disclosure of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse.

Gene–culture interactions: a multi-gene approach

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