Culture, Ethnicity and Diversity

Abstract

We investigate the relationship between ethnicity and culture, de…ned as a vector of traits re ‡ecting norms, attitudes and preferences. Using surveys of cultural attitudes and values, we …nd that ethnic identity is a signi…cant predictor of cultural attitudes, yet that cultural diversity is uncorrelated with ethnic diversity. The reason is that the degree of cultural heterogeneity between ethnic groups is small relative to total cultural heterogeneity. We propose new measures of the degree of overlap between culture and ethnicity, 2 and F ST , that stem directly from a simple model of social antagonism. We study the cross-country correlates of cultural diversity and of the overlap between culture and ethnicity. Finally, we …nd that our proposed overlap measures are strong and robust predictors of civil con ‡ict, that cultural diversity tends to reduce the incidence of con ‡ict, and that ethnic fractionalization is not signi…cantly related to con ‡ict.Thus, civil con ‡ict is more likely when culture and ethnicity reinforce each other.

Foreign Workers Are Associated with Innovation, But Why? International Networks as a Mechanism

“…This relationship has remained mainly in the theoretical realm and has been the subject of little direct empirical scrutiny. Desmet, Ortuño-Ortín, and Wacziarg (2015) find that there is a significant relationship between ethnic background and cultural attitudes, but the within-group differences are much larger than those between groups. Previous contributions on the effects of foreign workers on economic outcomes have mostly examined this association directly, leaving the establishment of the causal mechanisms mainly to theoretical speculation.…”

Semiparametric Correction for Endogenous Truncation Bias With Vox Populi-Based Participation Decision

“…In the former, a parametric multinomial response model, such as the multinomial logistic regression, is employed to estimate the prior class membership given the covariates. 21 For the latter, one only needs to estimate k − 1 class membership proportions (given k classes) that characterize the entire 20 The response pattern of the i'th observation is its set of responses to all the manifest variables. These responses are conditionally independent of each other in a given class.…”

“…These responses are conditionally independent of each other in a given class. 21 The justification for a parametric model is to reduce the complexity of calculations. VOLUME 4, 2016 data.…”

Inequality of opportunities among ethnic groups in the Philippines

“…5-6). Crosscuttingness measures are said to "estimate the intersection between any two distinct dimensions of social divisions such as ethnicity, language, religion, and culture" (Desmet et al, 2015). For instance, a society is composed of two ethnic groups.…”