Culture, Ethnicity, and Emotional Distress Measures

Norasakkunkit, Vinai; Kalick, S. Michael

doi:10.1177/0022022102033001004

Cited by 126 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…However, nowadays, in other so-called collectivistic cultures, such as Japan and Korea, independent self-construals similar to the ones in the United States of America have been found (Yang et al, 2006; Vriends and Halim, 2009). In addition, some other studies found as well that Japanese and North-American samples did not differ on the interdependent self-construal scale of Singelis (Dinnel et al, 2002; Norasakkunkit and Kalick, 2002; Norasakkunkit et al, 2012). Thus, self-construal might currently change with increased exposure to each other’s cultural values as a result of technology and increased overseas travel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This widely used scale allows for comparison with other studies of cross-cultural self-construal. Multiple studies have shown the sub-scales to have either acceptable internal consistency (Singelis, 1994; Singelis and Sharkey, 1995; Sato and McCann, 1997; Norasakkunkit and Kalick, 2002), or low reliability estimates (Okazaki, 2000; Levine et al, 2003). In the present study, the Cronbach alpha coefficient for the independent self-construal sub-scale was 0.51 for the Indonesian sample and 0.55 for the Swiss sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taijin Kyofusho and Social Anxiety and Their Clinical Relevance in Indonesia and Switzerland

Vriends¹,

Pfaltz²,

Novianti³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychology

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Background: Taijin Kyofusho Scale (TKS) is an interpersonal fear to offend others and is defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) as a culturally bound syndrome that occurs in Japan and Korea. Recently, cases with TKS have also been recognized in other cultures. The present questionnaire study investigated self-report TKS symptoms and social anxiety symptoms, and their clinical relevance in an Indonesian and Swiss sample. It also investigated whether self-construal is associated with TKS and social anxiety, and if self-construal is a mediator of the expected association between cultural background and social anxiety and TKS symptoms.Method: 311 Indonesian and 349 Swiss university students filled out the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Taijin Kyofusho Scale, the Self-Construal Scale, self-report social phobia DSM-IV criteria, and rated their wish for professional help to deal with social fears.Results: TKS and social anxiety symptoms were higher in the Indonesian than the Swiss sample. TKS symptoms were associated with clinical relevance in Indonesia, whereas in Switzerland only social anxiety symptoms were associated with clinical relevance. Independent self-construal was negatively associated and interdependent self-construal was positively associated with TKS and social anxiety symptoms. Interdependent self-construal mediated the association between cultural background and these symptoms.Discussion: TKS might be a clinically relevant syndrome in all individuals or cultures with an interdependent self-construal or less independent self-construal. The proposal to include the fear of offending others in the DSM-V criteria of social phobia is supported by the present findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taijin Kyofusho and Social Anxiety and Their Clinical Relevance in Indonesia and Switzerland

Vriends¹,

Pfaltz²,

Novianti³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychology

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“…Uchida et al (2004) argue that this definition is valued equally across cultures; however, there are likely to be cultural differences regarding which factors an individual considers when appraising their quality of life. Norasakkunkit and Kalick (2002) point out that the majority of wellbeing measures currently used in psychological research assess factors that are prioritised in individualistic but not collectivistic cultures (e.g. autonomy, personal success).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between individualism and wellbeing in predicting mortality: Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe

2017

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The link between greater wellbeing and longevity is well documented. The aim of the current study was to test whether this association is consistent across individualistic and collectivistic cultures. The sample consisted of 13,596 participants from 11 European countries, each of which was assigned an individualism score according to Hofstede et al.'s (Cultures and organizations: software of the mind, McGraw Hill, New York, 2010) cultural dimension of individualism. We tested whether individualism moderated the cross-sectional association between wellbeing and self-rated health or the longitudinal association between wellbeing and mortality risk. Our analysis revealed a significant interaction between individualism and wellbeing such that the association between wellbeing and self-rated health or risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease was stronger in more individualistic countries. However, the interaction between wellbeing and individualism was not significant in analysis predicting all-cause mortality. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm our finding and to explore the factors responsible for this culturally dependent effect.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10865-017-9871-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Thus, there is an inherent bias that is embedded in these measures. Therefore, individuals within Asian cultures are sometimes judged to be ‚less healthy‛ and ‚more emotionally distressed‛ than American or European samples (e.g., Norasakkunkit & Kalick, 2002).…”

Section: Future Direction For Research On Happiness From a Cultural Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal or interpersonal construal of happiness: A cultural psychological perspective

Uchida

Ogihara

2012

Intnl. J. Wellbeing

157

101

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Cultural psychological research reveals considerable variation in how people construe happiness and experience subjective wellbeing. This paper identified substantial cultural differences in (1) meanings of happiness, (2) predictors of happiness, and (3) how social changes such as globalization are related to happiness. In European-American cultural contexts, happiness is construed as including experience of a highly desirable and positive emotional state defined in terms of a high arousal state such as excitement and a sense of personal achievement. Moreover, individual happiness is best predicted by personal goal attainment and high selfesteem or self-efficacy. In contrast, in East Asian cultural contexts (i.e., those found in Japan), happiness is construed as including experience of both positive and negative emotional state. Happiness is defined in terms of experiencing a low arousal state such as calmness and interpersonal connectedness and harmony. Furthermore, individual happiness is best predicted by relationship harmony and emotional support from others. While people maintain traditional cultural norms, some societies and organizations are under pressure from globalization and this might affect happiness. We examined how cultural change affects wellbeing, especially focusing on current Japanese contexts where individuals have experienced an increasing shift toward individualism and have experienced a large national disaster. Cultural psychological perspectives regarding happiness provide important contributions to psychological science and society at large.

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Culture, Ethnicity, and Emotional Distress Measures

Cited by 126 publications

References 32 publications

Taijin Kyofusho and Social Anxiety and Their Clinical Relevance in Indonesia and Switzerland

Taijin Kyofusho and Social Anxiety and Their Clinical Relevance in Indonesia and Switzerland

The interaction between individualism and wellbeing in predicting mortality: Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe

Personal or interpersonal construal of happiness: A cultural psychological perspective

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