Culture-independent detection and quantification of<i>Fusarium circinatum</i>in a pine-producing seedling nursery

Fourie, Gerda; Wingfield, Michael J.; Wingfield, Brenda D.; Jones, N.B.; Morris, A. R.; Steenkamp, Emma Theodora

doi:10.2989/20702620.2014.899058

Cited by 17 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Similar results with the constant presence of F. circinatum throughout the whole year were obtained in other areas such as northern California [28] and South Africa [39]. This finding means that F. circinatum in Galicia can develop the infection at any time of the year whenever suitable environmental conditions and susceptible hosts are available for spore germination, as was expected from the calculation of models of spread [26,40].…”

Section: Seasonal Spore Dispersalsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…A possible explanation of this incongruence may be related to the contrasting spore trapping mechanisms used in the two studies. The spore traps used here sample the particles occurring directly in the air by impaction on the adhesive surface, while the passive spore traps used by Garbelotto et al [28] and in other research [18,39] sample the spores passively deposited on a filter paper. Passive deposition may be supported by rainfall, as the rain drops trap the air inoculum and deliver it onto the surface of the filter paper.…”

Section: Effect Of the Meteorological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spore Dispersal Patterns of Fusarium circinatum on an Infested Monterey Pine Forest in North-Western Spain

Dvořák

Janoš

Botella

et al. 2017

Forests

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Abstract:The airborne inoculum of Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O'Donnell, the fungal pathogen causing Pine Pitch Canker (PPC), is one of the main means of spread of the disease in forest stands and forest nurseries. Since this world-wide known pathogen was introduced in Europe, its biology in this newly infested area still remains scarcely known. To shed more light on this topic, we set up an experiment on a naturally PPC infested forest of Monterey pine in Galicia (NW Spain) with the following two goals: (i) to describe the seasonal spore dispersal pattern during one year of regular sampling and (ii) to assess the spatial spore dispersal pattern around the infested plot. Portable rotating arm spore traps were used and complemented with meteorological measurements. The abundance of F. circinatum spores in the samples was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) with a hydrolysis probe. The results showed almost permanent occurrence of the air inoculum throughout the whole year, being detected in 27 of the 30 samplings. No clear temporal trends were observed, but a higher air inoculum was favoured by previous lower air temperatures and lower leaf wetness. Conversely, neither rainfall nor air humidity seemed to have any significant importance. The spatial spread of the inoculum was noted to be successful up to a distance of 1000 m in the wind direction, even with winds of just 5 m·s −1 . Our study shows that rotating arm spore traps combined with qPCR may be an efficient tool for F. circinatum detection.

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Section: Seasonal Spore Dispersalsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Effect Of the Meteorological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spore Dispersal Patterns of Fusarium circinatum on an Infested Monterey Pine Forest in North-Western Spain

Dvořák

Janoš

Botella

et al. 2017

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar results with constant presence of F. circinatum along the whole year, were obtained in other areas such as northern California [24] and South Africa [35]. This finding means that F. circinatum in Galicia can develop the infection at any time of the year whenever suitable environmental conditions and susceptible hosts are available for spore germination, as it was expected from the calculation of models of spread [36,37].…”

Section: Seasonal Spore Dispersalsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…A possible explanation of this incongruence may be related to the contrasting mechanisms of the spore trapping used in the two studies. The spore traps used here sample the particles occurring directly in the air by impaction on the adhesive surface, while the passive spore traps used by Garbelotto et al [24] and other researchers [18,35] sample the spores passively deposited on a filter paper. Passive deposition may be supported by rainfall, during which the rain drops trap the air inoculum and deliver it onto the surface of the filter paper.…”

Section: Effect Of the Meteorological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spore Dispersal Patterns of <em>Fusarium Circinatum</em> on an Infected Monterey Pine Forest in North-Western Spain

Dvořák¹,

Janoš²,

Botella³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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The airborne inoculum of Fusarium circinatum, the fungal pathogen causing Pine Pitch Canker (PPC), is one of the main means of spread of the disease in forest stands and forest nurseries.Since this world-wide known pathogen was introduced in Europe, its biology in this newly infected area still remains scarcely known. To shed more light on this topic, we set an experiment on a naturally PPC infected forest of Monterey pine in Galicia (NW Spain) with the following two goals: (i) to describe the seasonal spore dispersal pattern during one year of regular sampling and (ii) to assess the spatial spore dispersal pattern around the infested plot.Portable rotating arm spore traps were used and complemented with meteorological measurements. The abundance of F. circinatum spores in the samples was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) with hydrolysis probe. The results showed almost permanent occurrence of the air inoculum throughout the whole year, being detected in 27 of the 30 samplings. No clear temporal trends were observed, but higher air inoculum was favoured by previous lower air temperatures and lower leaf wetness. Conversely, neither rainfall nor air humidity seemed to have any significant importance. The spatial spread of the inoculum was noted to be successful up to a distance of 1000 m in the wind direction, even with winds of just 5 m s -1 . Our study shows that rotating arm spore traps combined with qPCR may be an efficient tool for F. circinatum detection.

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“…In South Africa, F. circinatum is associated with nursery and post-plant mortality of Pinus patula (Viljoen and Wingfield 1994, Mitchell et al 2004, Crous 2005, Mitchell et al 2011 has not yet been found causing classic pitch canker disease in plantations of this species despite classic pitch canker occurring in P. radiata plantations in South Africa (Coutinho et al 2007). Post-planting mortality of P. patula results from the transfer of F. circinatum with asymptomatic seedlings from the nursery (Crous 2005, Jones et al 2014. Effective control of the pathogen in the nursery is therefore necessary to address post-planting mortality associated with the pathogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-use of seedling containers andFusarium circinatumassociation with asymptomaticPinus patulaplanting stock

Morris¹,

Fourie²,

Greyling³

et al. 2014

Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science

Self Cite

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Fusarium circinatum is a pathogen causing serious post-planting mortality of Pinus patula seedlings in southern Africa. Containerized planting stock that is asymptomatic but associated with F. circinatum in the nursery is thought to be the cause of this problem. The aim of this study was to determine if re-use of seedling containers could be a source of inoculum resulting in asymptomatic planting stock and increased post-planting mortality of Pinus patula. Two experiments were conducted in successive years comparing nursery cull of symptomatic seedlings, seedling growth, association of F. circinatum with asymptomatic seedlings and post-planting mortality for crops raised in re-used containers, with and without sanitation, and factory new containers. Each experiment consisted of a nursery production trial followed by out-planting into pots to assess post-planting mortality. Our results show that re-use of containers without sanitation increases the cull of symptomatic seedlings, incidence of F. circinatum associated with asymptomatic seedlings and post-planting mortality compared to the re-use of containers after steam sanitation or factory new containers. Growth of asymptomatic seedlings was unaffected by container treatment or association with F. circinatum and in the absence of wilt symptoms the root system did not exhibit typical discolouration. Watering frequency did not influence post-planting mortality in pots. The comparison of two open-pollinated seed mixes of P. patula that, based on seedling stem inoculation screening, represented susceptible and tolerant material did not show differences in nursery cull or post-planting mortality. This work demonstrated that natural contamination of re-used containers can be a primary source of inoculum producing asymptomatic seedlings associated with F. circinatum that will succumb to the pathogen after field planting. The process of seedling infection, apparent latent infection in the seedling and expression of disease after planting needs greater understanding to improve nursery hygiene measures to control this disease.

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Culture-independent detection and quantification ofFusarium circinatumin a pine-producing seedling nursery

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Spore Dispersal Patterns of Fusarium circinatum on an Infested Monterey Pine Forest in North-Western Spain

Spore Dispersal Patterns of Fusarium circinatum on an Infested Monterey Pine Forest in North-Western Spain

Spore Dispersal Patterns of <em>Fusarium Circinatum</em> on an Infected Monterey Pine Forest in North-Western Spain

Re-use of seedling containers andFusarium circinatumassociation with asymptomaticPinus patulaplanting stock

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