Culture modifies the operation of prime-to-behavior effects

Wheeler, S. Christian; Smeesters, Dirk; Kay, Aaron C.

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.02.018

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The importance of culture is a core aspect of our approach, and a natural consequence is the prediction of cross-cultural differences in behavioral priming effects. In principle, the existence of such differences has been demonstrated recently by Wheeler, Smeesters, and Kay (2011). In a social dilemma game, Chinese-born participants reacted differently to competition vs. cooperation primes than Dutch-born subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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The affective meanings of automatic social behaviors: Three mechanisms that explain priming.

Schröder

Thagard

2013

Psychological Review

106

103

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The priming of concepts has been shown to influence peoples' subsequent actions, often unconsciously. We propose 3 mechanisms (psychological, cultural, and biological) as a unified explanation of such effects. (a) Primed concepts influence holistic representations of situations by parallel constraint satisfaction. (b) The constraints among representations stem from culturally shared affective meanings of concepts acquired in socialization. (c) Patterns of activity in neural populations act as semantic pointers linking symbolic concepts to underlying emotional and sensorimotor representations and thereby causing action. We present 2 computational models of behavioral priming that implement the proposed mechanisms. One is a localist neural network that connects primes with behaviors through central nodes simulating affective meanings. In a series of simulations, where the input is based on empirical data, we show that this model can explain a wide variety of experimental findings related to automatic social behavior. The second, neurocomputational model simulates spiking patterns in populations of biologically realistic neurons. We use this model to demonstrate how the proposed mechanisms can be implemented in the brain. Finally, we discuss how our models integrate previous theoretical accounts of priming phenomena. We also examine the interactions of psychological, cultural, and biological mechanisms in the control of automatic social behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In principle, the existence of such differences has been demonstrated recently by Wheeler, Smeesters, and Kay (2011). In a social dilemma game, Chineseborn participants reacted differently to competition vs. cooperation primes than Dutch-born subjects.…”

Section: Limitations and Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 94%

The affective meanings of automatic social behaviors: Three mechanisms that explain priming.

Schröder

Thagard

2013

Psychological Review

106

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This is especially true for a study that relies on subtly activating specific semantic categories (cooperation/competition). Consequently, following cautions on priming sensitivity to the testing context (e.g., [34, 30, 40, 54]), we took special care on pre-evaluating the priming stimuli and tasks, as it has been strongly recommended in the literature [47, 55]. We conducted two preliminary studies to make sure that the words used in the priming and name rating tasks were appropriate in representing the target concepts (cooperation and competition) for the population from which we drew our sample (undergrad students from the National University of Cordoba).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the effect of cooperative/competitive priming on the Prisoner’s Dilemma. A replication study

2018

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The replicability crisis in psychology demands direct replications to test the reliability of relevant phenomena. Prime-to-behavior effects have been an area under intense scrutiny given its surprising results. However, intuitive unsurprising effects have been mostly neglected, while they may lack robustness as well. In the present study, we focused on an intuitive prime-to-behavior effect in which Kay and Ross (2003) used a 2x2 design to test cooperation/competition priming crossed with an explicit/non-explicit construal of a Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD). They found a stronger assimilation effect of priming when the situational construal anteceded the decision, but we could not reproduce their findings in the present close replication, despite counting on higher power. Even with limitations due to the unavailability of original materials, this replication presents evidence that questions the existence of the original finding, and highlights the need for further replications to get a deeper understanding of the hypothesized effect. The complete project is available at: https://osf.io/dhfns/.

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“…In Cole´s understanding (Cole et al, 1993) of forces influencing the formation and change of behaviour, culture is not mentioned as either the external or the internal source. Yet culture represented by its values is known for having a strong influence on an individual´s behaviour, as various research studies prove (Cleveland et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2022;Legoherel et al, 2009;Richard & Habibi, 2016;Schepers & van der Borgh, 2020;Wheeler et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Differences in Coping with Changes in the External Environment: A Case of Behavioural Segmentation of Senior Consumers Based on Their Reaction to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Kopaničová¹,

Vokounová²

2023

CEBR

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A sudden change in the external environment, such as the COVID-19 pandemic meant for the senior customers in CEE, required coping mechanisms to adapt and a significant change in behavioural patterns. The paper presents what were the social and customer behaviour changes among elderly citizens caused by the pandemic and aims to identify regional differences in adapting to these changes. Results from CATI interviews of 5875 participants from Germany, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, which had been conducted as a part of the international SHARE project bring a deeper understanding of regional differences. Behavioural segmentation done in each of the researched countries shows that the created clusters in each country are different and yet similar in certain aspects. Clusters of "adapters" seniors with partial behavioural change are found in all three countries, even though they vary in some aspects of behaviour, they have significant commonalities as well. A cluster of "vulnerable"seniors that had undergone a complete change of behavioural patterns to protect themselves -or a cluster of "resistant"seniors resisting the change are found only in two of researched countries. Differences in understanding the threat and feeling the need to react in certain ways are found not only between countries but also within cultures. By employing Hofstede´s cultural dimensions score to explain detected differences, the article brings more understanding of how Power Distance, Indulgence, and Individualism could form differences in the usage of coping mechanisms among the elderly. The results bring insight into important aspects of changes in behaviour, which should be understood and mirrored in the business strategies of companies whose actual or potential customers are represented by this population. Implications for Central European audience: The research on behavioural changes among senior consumers due to the Covid-19 pandemic had been done in three countries of CEE -Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Germany and therefore, the implications are well suitable for the CEE region, yet the generalization to other countries must be done carefully as the results show that created behavioural segments in researched countries indicate cultural differences.

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Culture modifies the operation of prime-to-behavior effects

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

The affective meanings of automatic social behaviors: Three mechanisms that explain priming.

The affective meanings of automatic social behaviors: Three mechanisms that explain priming.

Testing the effect of cooperative/competitive priming on the Prisoner’s Dilemma. A replication study

Cultural Differences in Coping with Changes in the External Environment: A Case of Behavioural Segmentation of Senior Consumers Based on Their Reaction to the COVID-19 Pandemic

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