Culture ofPlantagospecies as bioactive components resources: a 20-year review and recent applications

Abstract

Abstract.-Most of species from the worldwide distributed Plantago genus are greatly used as herbal medicines. Phytochemical investigations of various Plantago organs (leaves, stems) reveal their high potential to produce a wide array of bioactive secondary metabolites. So, in vitro cultures of Plantago species are managed in order to deliberately restrict the ecological factors and then to control the culture conditions. Experimental culture parameters of Plantago species, i.e. seed germination, temperature, relative humidity, light, substrates and additional nutritive solutions as well as the in vitro culture media and growth regulators are reviewed. The expensive optimizations of in vitro culture and biotransformation processes are reported. Changes in the concentration and the pattern of bioactive polyphenol compounds synthesized from in vitro cultures are discussed in the examined species of the genus Plantago in order to conclude about their potential interest as future drug candidates.Key words : plantain -Plantaginaceae -in vitro culture -polyphenol -biotransformation -medicine.Résumé.-La plupart des espèces du genre cosmopolite Plantago sont largement utilisées en médecine traditionnelle. Des études phytochimiques sur les différents organes des plantains (feuilles, tiges) révèlent leur fort potentiel à produire un large spectre de molécules biologiquement actives. Les techniques de cultures in vitro des espèces du genre Plantago se sont alors développées afin de restreindre les facteurs écologiques et de maîtriser les conditions culturales. Les paramètres expérimentaux de culture tels que la germination des graines, la température, l'humidité relative, la lumière, la nature des substrats et des solutions nutritives ainsi que la composition chimique des milieux de culture in vitro et les régulateurs de croissance additionnels ont été passés en revue. Les coû-teuses méthodes d'optimisation des cultures in vitro et les procédés de biotransformation ont été rapportés. Les variations qualitatives et quantitatives des biomolécules de nature polyphénolique synthétisées par cultures in vitro de Plantago ont été argumentées, espèce par espèce, afin de définir l'intérêt théra-peutique potentiel de chacune.Mots clés : plantain -Plantaginaceae -culture in vitro -polyphenol -biotransformation -médecine.

Effects of N source concentration and NH 4 + /NO 3 − ratio on phenylethanoid glycoside pattern in tissue cultures of Plantago lanceolata L.: A metabolomics driven full-factorial experiment with LC–ESI–MS 3

“…almost exclusively used the original MS, supplemented with various hormone concentrations (Fons et al, 2008). A few studies used modified MS, these were either diluted variants (e.g.…”

“…A few studies used modified MS, these were either diluted variants (e.g. ½ strength) (Fons et al, 2008), or reduction in some inorganic components were used, as in . The effects of the N source concentration and the NH 4 + /NO 3 − ratio on phenylethanoid glycoside production was investigated for the first time in our study.…”

“…What is more, these molecules are well biosynthesized in tissue culture conditions, as presented by Budzianowska et al (2004) and Fons et al (1999). The P. lanceolata plant and its relatives have been subjects of many tissue culture studies, a recent review is available in the literature (Fons et al, 2008). The most abundant PGs in P. lanceolata calli were found to be acteoside and plantamajoside (plantamajoside), but lacked flavonoids and iridoids (Budzianowska et al, 2004).…”

Experimental Paper. In vitro synthesis of mucilage in Plantago ovata Forsk affected by genotypes and culture media

“…It has been reported that callus culture from higher plants with relatively rich in mucilage commonly makes up between 8-10% [11]. Such differences in levels of secondary metabolites between whole plants and cell or tissue cultures have often been described in P. ovata [16]. Notably, higher levels of flavonoids were recorded by in vitro culture and undifferentiated tissues contained in P. ovata [17].…”

Anti-Cancer Effect of Plantago Depressa Ethanolic Extract in B16f10 Skin Cancer Cells

“…Plantaginaceae genus has been reported to have anti-leukemia, anti-carcinoma, antiviral and immune modulation activities. The upper parts of plant are used not only as crude drug but also as commercial tea for containing various bioactive compounds which cure many diseases, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging properties; cough and wound healing activity [7]. Moreover, Plantago sp.…”