Cuminaldehyde-induced oxidative stress inhibits growth of Penicillium digitatum in citrus

Cuminaldehyde downregulates folate metabolism and membrane proteins to inhibit growth of Penicillium digitatum in citrus fruit

“…Strain Pds01 of P. digitatum (Reymick et al, 2022) was provided by the Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Xiangtan University. Fungi were propagated in sterilized potato dextrose agar for 6 days, and in potato dextrose broth (PDB) for 48 h as described by Reymick et al (2022).…”

“…Strain Pds01 of P. digitatum (Reymick et al, 2022) was provided by the Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Xiangtan University. Fungi were propagated in sterilized potato dextrose agar for 6 days, and in potato dextrose broth (PDB) for 48 h as described by Reymick et al (2022). The 48 h old mycelia were treated with CA (0 or ½ MIC = 0.15 LmL −1 ), or with ½ MIC CA co-administered with either diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, 1 £ 10 −6 molL −1 ) or with ւ-cysteine (5 � 10 −4 molL −1 ) for 0, 10, 20, and 30 min.…”

“…The Hifair® III 1st strand cDNA synthesis supermix (CAT: 11141ES60, LOT: H2208010) and the Hieff ® qPCR SYBR ® Green Master Mix were bought from Yeasen Biotechnology, Shanghai. Calcofluor white, propidium iodide (PI), phosphor body anillin, cuminaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, thiobarbituric acid, DPI, ւ-cysteine, and 2 0 -7 0 dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) kit are as described by Reymick et al (2022). All chemicals used were of molecular biology grade and were kept according to the manufacturer's instruction.…”

“…Cell surfaces were examined at a high magnification of � 5000. For membrane permeability, 0.1 g of CA treated mycelia were stained with PI (Reymick et al, 2022) and fluorescent images taken under an ECLIPSE TS100 FUTURE POSTHARVEST AND FOOD -105 microscope (Nikon, Japan) using a red fluorescence filter. Fluorescence fold values were determined and used to estimate the extent of damage to cell membrane integrity.…”

“…Their antifungal mechanisms against P. digitatum are diverse and include perturbation of the lipid fraction of plasma membrane to alter membrane permeability, downregulation of specific ergosterol genes, triggering oxidative stress, damaging mitochondrial membrane permeability, and disruption of energy metabolism processes (Ouyang et al, 2021;Reymick et al, 2022;Yuan et al, 2023;Zheng et al, 2015). Cuminaldehyde (CA), an organic monoterpenoid from cumin essential oil, is antimicrobial against a diverse array of microorganisms (Goel et al, 2020;Monteiro-Neto et al, 2020;Tanapichatsakul et al, 2020).…”