Cumulants of the baryon number from central Au+Au collision at 
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 GeV/nucleon reveal the nuclear mean-field potentials

Ye, Yunxiao; Wang, Yongjia; Steinheimer, Jan; Nara, Yasushi; Xu, H.; Li, Pengcheng; Lu, Dah‐Yuu; Li, Qingfeng; Stoecker, Horst

doi:10.1103/physrevc.98.054620

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…After t = 10 fm/c, the difference in C 2 /C 1 between UrQMD/m and UrQMD/c was negligible and their values approached unity because the particle density was close to zero. The effect of the mean-field potential on the cumulant of particles in the coordinate space was consistent with our previous works [40][41][42]. We checked that the behavior of net baryons was very similar to that of net protons, therefore in the following only the results of the net protons are displayed.…”

Section: A Results In Coordinate Spacesupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Initial Density Fluctuations on Cumulants in Au + Au Collisions at sNN = 7.7 GeV

Yue

Wang

et al. 2022

Universe

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Within the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, the effect of initial density fluctuations on cumulants of the net-proton multiplicity distribution in Au + Au Collisions at sNN = 7.7 GeV was investigated by varying the minimum distance dmin between two nucleons in the initialization. It was found that the initial density fluctuations increased with the decrease of dmin from 1.6 fm to 1.0 fm, and the influence of dmin on the magnitude of the net-proton number fluctuation in a narrow pseudorapidity window (Δη≤ 4) was negligible even if it indeed affected the density evolution during the collision. At a broad pseudorapidity window (Δη≥ 4), the cumulant ratios were enlarged when the initial density fluctuations were increased with the smaller value of dmin, and this enhancement was comparable to that observed in the presence of the nuclear mean-field potential. Moreover, the enhanced cumulants were more evident in collisions with a larger impact parameter. The present work demonstrates that the fingerprint of the initial density fluctuations on the cumulants in a broad pseudorapidity window is clearly visible, while it is not obvious as the pseudorapidity window becomes narrow.

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Section: A Results In Coordinate Spacesupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Initial Density Fluctuations on Cumulants in Au + Au Collisions at sNN = 7.7 GeV

Yue

Wang

et al. 2022

Universe

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“…The present results suggest that heavy-ion collisions mostly probe regions where the nuclear matter liquid-vapor critical point dominates -hence, the observed baryon fluctuations are largely due to remnants of the nuclear liquid-vapor phase transition. This had been suggested also in previous works [43,18,44,45,46,47]. The CP associated with the chiral symmetry restoration in the CMF model lies at µ B ≈ 1.5 GeV and T ≈ 20 MeV.…”

Section: Probing the Phase Diagram By Heavy Ion Collisionssupporting

confidence: 79%

Matter And Gravitation In Collisions of heavy ions and neutron stars: equation of state

Motornenko¹,

Steinheimer²,

Vovchenko³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The gravitational waves emitted from a binary neutron star merger, as predicted from general relativistic magneto-hydrodynamics calculations, are sensitive to the appearance of quark matter and the stiffness of the equation of state of QCD matter present in the inner cores of the stars. This is a new messenger observable from outer space, which does provide direct signals for the phase structure of strongly interacting QCD matter at high baryon density and high temperature. These astrophysically created extremes of thermodynamics do match, to within 20%, the values of densities and temperatures which we find in relativistic hydrodynamics and transport theory of heavy ion collisions at the existing laboratories, if though at quite different rapidity windows, impact parameters and bombarding energies of the heavy nuclear systems. We demonstrate how one unified equation of state can be constructed and used for both neutron star physics and hot QCD matter excited at laboratory facilities. The similarity in underlying QCD physics allows the gravitational wave signals from future advanced LIGO and Virgo events to be combined with the analysis of high multiplicity fluctuations and flow measurements in heavy ion detectors in the lab to pin down the EoS and the phase structure of dense matter.

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“…These background contributions may arise from the limited detector acceptance/efficiency, initial volume fluctuation, autocorrelation and centrality resolution, centrality width, baryon number conservation, and resonance decay. Some of these effects have been studied previously [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] but remain to be understood properly before solid physics conclusions can be attained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of centrality fluctuation and deuteron formation on the proton number cumulant in Au+Au collisions at = 3 GeV from the JAM model *

Chatterjee¹,

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Chinese Phys. C

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We studied the effects of centrality fluctuation and deuteron formation on the cumulant ( ) and correlation functions ( ) of protons up to the sixth order in the most central ( < 3 fm) Au+Au collisions at = 3 GeV in a microscopic transport model (JAM). The results are presented as a function of rapidity acceptance within the transverse momentum 0.4 < p T < 2 GeV/ c. We compared the results obtained by the centrality bin width correction (CBWC) using charged reference particle multiplicities with the CBWC using impact parameter bins. It was found that, at low energies, the centrality resolution for determining the collision centrality using charged particle multiplicities is not sufficient to reduce the initial volume fluctuation effect for higher-order cumulant analysis. New methods need to be developed to classify events with high centrality resolution for heavy-ion collisions at low energies. Finally, we observed that the formation of deuterons suppresses the higher-order cumulants and correlation functions of protons and found it to be similar to the efficiency effect. This work can serve as a noncritical baseline for the QCD critical point search in the high baryon density region.

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Cumulants of the baryon number from central Au+Au collision at Elab=1.23 GeV/nucleon reveal the nuclear mean-field potentials

Cited by 12 publications

References 90 publications

Effects of Initial Density Fluctuations on Cumulants in Au + Au Collisions at sNN = 7.7 GeV

Effects of Initial Density Fluctuations on Cumulants in Au + Au Collisions at sNN = 7.7 GeV

Matter And Gravitation In Collisions of heavy ions and neutron stars: equation of state

Effects of centrality fluctuation and deuteron formation on the proton number cumulant in Au+Au collisions at = 3 GeV from the JAM model *

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