Cumulative Effects of Lifetime Passive Smoking on Cancer Risk

Sandler, Dale P.; Wilcox, Allen J.; Everson, RichardB.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91084-0

Cited by 76 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…• Dental disease 215,216 • School absences 106,110,112,139,217,218 • Molecular, genetic, and cellular changes [219][220][221][222] • Experimentation with tobacco and addiction to tobacco as an older child or adult 110,[223][224][225][226] • Injury and death attributable to fires 110,[227][228][229][230][231] • Hyperopia 114…”

Section: Effects On the Child Of Shs Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Chronic dry cough and phlegm 240 • Lung cancer, leukemia, and lymphoma, as an adult 220,221,241,242 • Increased risk of spontaneous abortion in women exposed as children to SHS by both parents 243,244 ing. PACE aims to successfully incorporate tobacco education modules into a number of US medical schools to ensure that graduating students at these schools will be able to skillfully perform tobacco use-prevention and -cessation counseling for children, adolescents, and adults.…”

Section: Effects On the Adult Of Childhood Shs Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondhand and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure

Best¹

2009

Pediatrics

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Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure of children and their families causes significant morbidity and mortality. In their personal and professional roles, pediatricians have many opportunities to advocate for elimination of SHS exposure of children, to counsel tobacco users to quit, and to counsel children never to start. This report discusses the harms of tobacco use and SHS exposure, the extent and costs of tobacco use and SHS exposure, and the evidence that supports counseling and other clinical interventions in the cycle of tobacco use. Recommendations for future research, policy, and clinical practice change are discussed. To improve understanding and provide support for these activities, the harms of SHS exposure are discussed, effective ways to eliminate or reduce SHS exposure are presented, and policies that support a smoke-free environment are outlined.

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Section: Effects On the Child Of Shs Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects On the Adult Of Childhood Shs Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Secondhand and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure

Best¹

2009

Pediatrics

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“…Data from experimental studies support the hypothesis that non-smokers might be exposed to potential carcinogens through the cigarette smoking of others [47]. Mutagens have been detected in the blood and urine of passive smokers [47,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Mutagens have been detected in the blood and urine of passive smokers [47,48]. Therefore, it seems plausible to suggest that individuals exposed to ETS might be at increased risk of bladder cancer [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Goldbohm

Brandt

2002

Cancer Causes and Control

106

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Objective: In a prospective cohort study among 120,852 adult subjects the authors investigated the associations between cigarette, cigar, pipe, environmental tobacco smoking (ETS), and bladder cancer. Methods: In 1986 all subjects completed a questionnaire on cancer risk factors. Follow-up for incident bladder cancer was established by linkage to cancer registries until 1992. The case-cohort analysis was based on 619 cases and 3346 subcohort members. Results: Compared with lifelong non-smokers the age-and sex-adjusted incidence rate ratios (RR) for ex-and current cigarette smokers were 2.1 (95% CI 1.5-3.0) and 3.3 (95% CI 2.4-4.6), respectively. The RR for smoking duration was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02-1.04) per 1-year increment. The RR per 10 cigarettes/day was 1.3 (95% CI 1.2-1.4). Tar and nicotine exposure increased bladder cancer risk only weakly. It appeared that associations of cigarette smoking characteristics with bladder cancer risk were largely attributable to cigarette smoking duration only. Smoking cessation, age at first exposure, filter-tip usage, cigar and pipe smoking, and ETS were no longer associated with bladder cancer risk after adjustment for frequency and duration of smoking. Conclusions:The authors conclude that current cigarette smokers have a three-fold higher bladder cancer risk than non-smokers. Ex-smokers experience a two-fold increased risk. About half of male bladder cancer and one-fifth of female bladder cancer was attributable to cigarette smoking. Other smoking types (cigar, pipe, or ETS) were not associated with increased risks.

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“…Using a traditional epidemiologic approach in which information gathered by questionnaires is linked with health outcomes from medical records, studies investigating the effects of gestational exposure to maternal smoking were proposed (4) and then piloted (12,13). In these studies, evaluation of effects of transplacental exposures was complicated by significant associations between cancer risk and passive exposure to smoking by the mother or father.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of approaches to the detection of genetic damage in the human fetus.

Everson

1987

Environ Health Perspect

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Studies in experimental animals suggest links between genetic damage to the fetus and the etiology of several disorders, including fetal loss, teratogenesis, and cancer. Methods for measuring genetic damage directly in the human fetus could provide epidemiologists and clinical researchers with powerful tools for investigating similar associations in humans. Current methods potentially available for such studies include assays for mutagenic substances in human body fluids and for measuring modifications to genetic material at the three levels of organization of genetic material: the chromosome, the gene or specific locus, and chemical DNA. Results of studies using fetal tissues to investigate each of these end points are reviewed, emphasizing studies of chemical modifications to DNA nucleotides detected in the human placenta.

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Cumulative Effects of Lifetime Passive Smoking on Cancer Risk

Cited by 76 publications

References 24 publications

Secondhand and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure

Secondhand and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure

Untitled

A review of approaches to the detection of genetic damage in the human fetus.

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